Nokea
is type of hydrocephalus which there no obstructive to pass CSF but malformation of arachnoid villi :
- A. non communicating hydrocephalus
- B. communicating hydrocephalus
- C. obstructive hydrocephalus
- D. non of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Communicating hydrocephalus is a type of hydrocephalus where there is no obstruction to the passage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but rather a malfunction or malformation of the arachnoid villi, which are responsible for the reabsorption of CSF. In communicating hydrocephalus, the flow of CSF within the ventricular system is disrupted, leading to an accumulation of fluid and resulting in increased intracranial pressure.
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A mother brings her children into the clinic and they are diagnosed with chickenpox. The mother had chickenpox as a child and is not concerned with contracting the disease when caring for her children. what type of immunity does this mother have?
- A. Active natural immunity
- B. Passive artificial immunity
- C. Passive natural immunity
- D. Active artificial immunity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The mother in this scenario had chickenpox as a child, which means she was exposed to the virus and developed immunity through her own immune response. This type of immunity acquired as a result of natural exposure to an infectious agent is called active natural immunity. In this case, the mother's immune system "learned" how to recognize and fight off the chickenpox virus when she was previously infected, leading to the development of memory cells that provide long-lasting protection against future infections.
A client with neuromuscular disorder is receiving intensive nursing care. The client is likely to face the risk for impaired skin integrity. Which of the ff must the nurse ensure to prevent skin breakdown in the client?
- A. Prevent strenuous exercises by the client
- B. Use pressure relieving devices when the client is in bed
- C. Place the client in Fowler's position
- D. Avoid giving daily baths with soaps to the client
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Using pressure relieving devices when the client is in bed is essential to prevent skin breakdown. Clients with neuromuscular disorders are at higher risk for impaired skin integrity due to limited mobility and sensation. Pressure relieving devices such as specialized mattresses, cushions, or pads help distribute pressure evenly and reduce the risk of pressure ulcers. Maintaining good skin integrity is crucial in preventing complications and promoting the overall well-being of the client. It is important for the nurse to assess the client's risk factors, implement preventive measures like using pressure relieving devices, and monitor the client's skin regularly to prevent skin breakdown.
The cause of death of most AIDS patients who develop multiple opportunistic infections is/are the following: a.Weakened immune system impairs response to therapy
- A. AH of these (a, b, c)
- B. Weakened immune system impairs resistance to infection
- C. Infection cannot be treated effectively
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cause of death of most AIDS patients who develop multiple opportunistic infections can be attributed to a combination of factors.
To treat cervical cancer, a client has had an applicator of radioactive material placed in the vagina. Which observation by the nurse indicates a radiation hazard?
- A. The client is maintained on strict bed rest
- B. The head of the bed is at 30-degree angle
- C. The client receives a complete bed bath each morning
- D. The nurse checks the applicator's position every 4 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Keeping the head of the bed at a 30-degree angle can dislodge the applicator of radioactive material placed in the vagina. When caring for a client with a radioactive applicator, it is important to ensure that the position of the applicator is maintained to prevent radiation exposure to staff and other clients. This can be achieved by keeping the head of the bed flat without elevation. The other options are appropriate measures in caring for a client with a radioactive applicator.
Which of the following hormones retains sodium in the body?
- A. Antidiuretic hormone
- B. Aldosterone
- C. Thyroid hormone
- D. Insulin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in regulating the balance of sodium and potassium in the body. One of its primary functions is to retain sodium in the body, leading to increased reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys. This retention of sodium helps to maintain blood pressure and fluid balance. In contrast, other hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH) primarily regulate water reabsorption, while thyroid hormone and insulin do not have a direct role in retaining sodium in the body.