Nokea
The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?
- A. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
- B. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
- C. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications.
- D. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for it to be effective.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the child a choice of juice to drink when taking oral medications provides the child with a sense of control. The preschool child should be prepared before procedures, so limiting explanations of procedures would increase anxiety. The family should be allowed to stay with the child during procedures, minimizing stress. Lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The nurse should plan to use the prescribed cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize pain.
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The nurse is teaching parents about the types of behaviors children exhibit when living with chronic violence. Which statement made by the parents indicates further teaching is needed?
- A. We should watch for aggressive play.
- B. Our child may show lasting symptoms of stress.
- C. We know that our child will show caring behaviors.
- D. Our child may have difficulty concentrating in school.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement that the child will show caring behaviors needs further teaching. Children living with chronic violence may exhibit behaviors such as difficulty concentrating in school, memory impairment, aggressive play, uncaring behaviors, and lasting symptoms of stress.
Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?
- A. Using information in textbooks to guide care
- B. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
- C. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making
- D. Gathering all evidence that applies to the childs health and family situation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: EBP helps focus on measurable outcomes; the use of demonstrated, effective interventions; and questioning what is the best approach. EBP involves decision making based on data, not all evidence on a particular situation, and involves the latest available data. Nurses can use textbooks to determine areas of concern and potential involvement.
The school nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries. Which child has the most risk factors related to childhood injury?
- A. Female, multiple siblings, stable home life
- B. Male, high activity level, stressful home life
- C. Male, even tempered, history of previous injuries
- D. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no serious previous injuries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Boys have a preponderance for injuries over girls because of a difference in behavioral characteristics, a high activity temperament is associated with risk-taking behaviors, and stress predisposes children to increased risk taking and self-destructive behaviors. Therefore, a male child with a high activity level and living in a stressful environment has the highest number of risk factors. A girl with several siblings and a stable home life is low risk. A boy with previous injuries has two risk factors, but an even temper is not a risk factor for injuries. A girl who reacts negatively to new situations but has no previous serious illnesses has only one risk factor.
What do mortality statistics describe?
- A. Disease occurring regularly within a geographic location
- B. The number of individuals who have died over a specific period
- C. The prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time
- D. Disease occurring in more than the number of expected cases in a community
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mortality statistics refer to the number of individuals who have died over a specific period. Morbidity statistics show the prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time. Data regarding disease within a geographic region, or in greater than expected numbers in a community, may be extrapolated from analyzing the morbidity statistics.
In addition to injuries, what are the leading causes of death in adolescents ages 15 to 19 years?
- A. Suicide and cancer
- B. Suicide and homicide
- C. Drowning and cancer
- D. Homicide and heart disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Suicide and homicide account for 16.7% of deaths in this age group. Suicide and cancer account for 10.9% of deaths, heart disease and cancer account for approximately 5.5%, and homicide and heart disease account for 10.9% of the deaths in this age group.