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The nurse is planning the care of a patient who has been recently diagnosed with a cerebellar tumor. Due to the location of this patients tumor, the nurse should implement measures to prevent what complication?
- A. Falls
- B. Audio hallucinations
- C. Respiratory depression
- D. Labile BP
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cerebellar tumors cause ataxia and dizziness, increasing fall risk. Hallucinations, respiratory issues, or BP instability are not typical complications.
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The clinic nurse caring for a patient with Parkinsons disease notes that the patient has been taking levodopa and carbidopa (Sinemet) for 7 years. For what common side effect of Sinemet would the nurse assesses this patient?
- A. Pruritus
- B. Dyskinesia
- C. Lactose intolerance
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Long-term levodopa use (5-10 years) commonly causes dyskinesia. Pruritus, lactose intolerance, and diarrhea are not typical side effects.
The nurse educator is discussing neoplasms with a group of recent graduates. The educator explains that the effects of neoplasms are caused by the compression and infiltration of normal tissue. The physiologic changes that result can cause what pathophysiologic events? Select all that apply.
- A. Intracranial hemorrhage
- B. Infection of cerebrospinal fluid
- C. Increased ICP
- D. Focal neurologic signs
- E. Altered pituitary function
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Neoplasms cause increased ICP, focal neurologic signs, and altered pituitary function through compression. Hemorrhage and CSF infection are not typical effects.
A male patient presents at the free clinic with complaints of impotency. Upon physical examination, the nurse practitioner notes the presence of hypogonadism. What diagnosis should the nurse suspect?
- A. Prolactinoma
- B. Angioma
- C. Glioma
- D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing adenoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prolactinoma often causes impotence and hypogonadism in males due to prolactin excess. ACTH-producing adenomas cause different symptoms, and angiomas or gliomas are less likely.
A patient newly diagnosed with a cervical disk herniation is receiving health education from the clinic nurse. What conservative management measures should the nurse teach the patient to implement?
- A. Perform active ROM exercises three times daily.
- B. Sleep on a firm mattress.
- C. Apply cool compresses to the back of the neck daily.
- D. Wear the cervical collar for at least 2 hours at a time.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sleeping on a firm mattress promotes proper spinal alignment and pain relief. Active ROM, cool compresses, and limited collar use are not standard conservative measures.
A patient with Parkinsons disease is experiencing episodes of constipation that are becoming increasingly frequent and severe. The patient states that he has been achieving relief for the past few weeks by using OTC laxatives. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Its important to drink plenty of fluids while youre taking laxatives.
- B. Make sure that you supplement your laxatives with a nutritious diet.
- C. Lets explore other options, because laxatives can have side effects and create dependency.
- D. You should ideally be using herbal remedies rather than medications to promote bowel function.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Laxatives risk dependency and side effects in Parkinson's patients. Exploring alternatives like diet or positioning is safer than fluids, nutrition alone, or herbal remedies.