foundation of nursing practice questions

foundation of nursing practice questions Related

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The nurse is planning the care of a patient who is adapting to the use of a hearing aid for the first time. What is the most significant challenge experienced by a patient with hearing loss who is adapting to using a hearing aid for the first time?

  • A. Regulating the tone and volume
  • B. Learning to cope with amplification of background noise
  • C. Constant irritation of the external auditory canal
  • D. Challenges in keeping the hearing aid clean while minimizing exposure to moisture
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: One of the most significant challenges experienced by patients with hearing loss who are adapting to using a hearing aid for the first time is learning to cope with the amplification of background noise. When a person starts using a hearing aid after experiencing hearing loss, they may find that the device picks up not only the sounds they want to hear but also surrounding noises, such as background chatter, traffic noise, or ambient sounds. This sudden increase in volume and clarity of background noise can be overwhelming and challenging for the individual to adjust to. It can affect their ability to focus on conversations or specific sounds they are trying to hear, leading to frustration and potentially causing them to avoid using the hearing aid altogether. Supporting the patient in gradually acclimating to these new sounds and providing strategies for managing background noise can help improve their overall experience with the hearing aid.

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A 25-year-old patient diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer expresses a desire to have children. What procedure might the physician offer as treatment?

  • A. Radical hysterectomy
  • B. Radical culposcopy
  • C. Radical trabeculectomy
  • D. Radical trachelectomy
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Radical trachelectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the cervix while preserving the uterus. This procedure is often offered to young women diagnosed with early-stage cervical cancer who wish to preserve their fertility and have children in the future. By removing the cervix and part of the upper vagina, while leaving the uterus intact, radical trachelectomy offers these patients a chance at preserving their ability to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term. It is a fertility-sparing option in the management of cervical cancer, particularly in younger patients like the 25-year-old mentioned in the question.

Which disease process improves during pregnancy?

  • A. Epilepsy
  • B. Bell’s palsy
  • C. Rheumatoid arthritis
  • D. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis shows marked improvement during pregnancy, although the reason for this is not entirely clear. The improvement is often significant, leading to relief from symptoms for many pregnant individuals with this condition. However, it's important to note that this improvement is temporary, as relapse typically occurs within 36 months postpartum. The exact mechanisms behind this temporary improvement are not fully understood, but hormones and changes in the immune system during pregnancy are believed to play a role in modifying the disease process.

A preceptor is working with a new nurse on documentation.Which situation will cause the preceptor to follow up?

  • A. The new nurse documents only for self.
  • B. The new nurse charts consecutively on every other line.
  • C. The new nurse ends each entry with signature and title.
  • D. The new nurse keeps the password secure.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The preceptor would need to follow up with the new nurse for charting consecutively on every other line. This behavior is incorrect as it can lead to confusion and potential errors in documentation. Correct charting practice involves documenting consecutively, line by line without skipping lines in between. The preceptor should provide guidance and correction to ensure accurate and organized documentation for patient care.

A nurse is caring for a patient who has allergic rhinitis. What intervention would be most likely to help the patient meet the goal of improved breathing pattern?

  • A. Teach the patient to take deep breaths and cough frequently.
  • B. Use antihistamines daily throughout the year.
  • C. Teach the patient to seek medical attention at the first sign of an allergic reaction.
  • D. Modify the environment to reduce the severity of allergic symptoms.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a condition characterized by inflammation in the nasal passages triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or animal dander. Modifying the patient's environment to reduce exposure to these allergens can significantly help improve the breathing pattern in patients with allergic rhinitis. This can include measures such as using air purifiers, keeping indoor humidity levels low, avoiding exposure to pollen by keeping windows closed during peak seasons, and regularly cleaning bedding to reduce dust mites.

The patient asks the nurse what these numbers specifically mean. What is a correct response by the nurse?

  • A. A person whose vision is 20/40 can see an object from 40 feet away that a person with 20/20 vision can see from 20 feet away.
  • B. A person whose vision is 20/40 can see an object from 20 feet away that a person with 20/20 vision can see from 40 feet away.
  • C. A person whose vision is 20/40 can see an object from 40 inches away that a person with 20/20 vision can see from 20 inches away.
  • D. A person whose vision is 20/40 can see an object from 20 inches away that a person with 20/20 vision can see from 40 inches away.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A person whose vision is measured at 20/40 can see an object from 40 feet away that a person with 20/20 vision can see from 20 feet away. In this measurement system, the first number represents how far away the person is from the eye chart (the testing distance), and the second number indicates how far away a person with normal vision can be from the chart to see the same line of letters or objects. Therefore, if someone has 20/40 vision, it means they need to be at 20 feet to see what a person with 20/20 vision can see at 40 feet.

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