Nokea
The nurse is preparing an educational program on breast cancer for women at an African American community center. What information is important for the nurse to consider for the discussion?
- A. African American women have the lowest rate of breast cancer.
- B. Most African American women are diagnosed early in the disease process.
- C. Breast cancer concerns vary between socioeconomic levels of African American women.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Breast cancer incidence and outcomes can vary significantly across socioeconomic levels due to differences in access to healthcare, screening, and education. This is critical for tailoring an effective educational program. African American women do not have the lowest rate of breast cancer, and they are often diagnosed at later stages, not early.
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Which of the following should the nurse include when preparing a client for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate a ruptured disc?
- A. Informing the client that the procedure is painless.
- B. Taking a thorough history of past surgeries.
- C. Checking for previous complaints of claustrophobia.
- D. Starting an I.V. line at keep-open rate.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Checking for claustrophobia is essential, as MRI can be distressing for claustrophobic clients.
The nurse is assessing a client with acute diverticulitis. Which symptom requires immediate reporting to the physician?
- A. Mild left lower quadrant pain.
- B. Temperature of 101°F (38.3°C).
- C. Soft, formed stools.
- D. Nausea without vomiting.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A temperature of 101°F (38.3°C) in acute diverticulitis may indicate worsening infection or abscess, requiring immediate reporting. Mild pain, formed stools, and nausea are less urgent unless escalating. CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Analyze
A client who follows a vegetarian diet was referred to a dietitian for nutritional counseling for anemia. Which client outcome indicates that the client does not understand nutritional counseling? The client:
- A. Adds dried fruit to cereal and baked goods.
- B. Cooks tomato-based foods in iron pots.
- C. Drinks coffee or tea with meals.
- D. Adds vitamin C to all meals.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drinking coffee or tea with meals inhibits iron absorption due to tannins, which bind to iron and reduce its bioavailability. This indicates a lack of understanding of nutritional counseling for anemia, as the client should avoid these beverages during meals. Adding dried fruit (iron source), cooking in iron pots (increases iron content), and consuming vitamin C (enhances iron absorption) are appropriate strategies.
A 45-year-old client had a complete abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy 2 days ago. The client's abdominal dressing is dry and intact. In addition, the client is taking liquids and voiding a sufficient quantity of straw-colored urine. While sitting up in the chair after her bath, the client complains of severe pain and numbness in her left leg. The nurse should respond immediately by:
- A. Administering pain medication
- B. Assessing for edema in the left leg
- C. Assessing color and temperature of the left leg
- D. Encouraging the client to change her position
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Severe pain and numbness post-hysterectomy suggest possible deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or arterial occlusion, common postoperative complications. Assessing color and temperature of the leg (e.g., pallor, coolness) helps identify circulatory compromise. Pain medication, edema assessment, or position change are less urgent.
The nurse is caring for a client in labor who is positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse should obtain a prescription for which medication?
- A. valacyclovir
- B. zidovudine
- C. amphotericin b
- D. metronidazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Zidovudine (AZT) is used during labor in HIV-positive clients to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. Choice A (valacyclovir) is for herpes, Choice C (amphotericin B) is for fungal infections, and Choice D (metronidazole) is for bacterial/parasitic infections.