Nokea
The nurse is preparing to administer a dose of digoxin (Lanoxin) to a child in heart failure (HF). Which is a beneficial effect of administering digoxin (Lanoxin)?
- A. It decreases edema.
- B. It decreases cardiac output.
- C. It increases heart size.
- D. It increases venous pressure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used in the treatment of heart failure (HF) because of its positive inotropic effect, which means it strengthens the heart muscle. While digoxin does not directly decrease edema, its ability to increase the strength of the heart muscle allows the heart to pump more effectively. When the heart is pumping blood more efficiently, it can help reduce fluid accumulation in the body, including edema.
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a child has surgery for pyloric stenosis, you offer him his first feeding post operatively, following this it would be best to position him:
- A. supine, to prevent sudden infant death syndrome
- B. Trendelenburg, to prevent pressure on the suture line
- C. on his right side to encourage flow through the pylorus
- D. prone, to encourage maximum digestion of milk curds
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Positioning the child on his right side after surgery for pyloric stenosis helps to promote the flow of formula through the pylorus and into the intestines. Placing the child in this position can aid in preventing any potential complications from the surgery and promote proper digestion. The right side position assists in the drainage of the stomach contents, thereby reducing the risk of complications related to the surgery and promoting the healing process. It is essential to follow this positioning recommendation as part of the post-operative care for a child who has undergone surgery for pyloric stenosis.
What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend as the best form of newborn nutrition?
- A. Exclusive breastfeeding until age 2 months.
- B. Exclusive breastfeeding until age 6 months.
- C. Commercially prepared newborn formula for 1 year.
- D. Commercially prepared newborn formula until age 4 to 6 months.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a baby's life. Breast milk provides all the necessary nutrients and antibodies that a baby needs for healthy growth and development during this crucial period. Breastfeeding also offers long-term health benefits for both the baby and the mother. It is important for mothers to receive support and education to establish and maintain successful breastfeeding. After the first 6 months, the AAP recommends continuing breastfeeding while introducing appropriate solid foods until at least 12 months of age, or longer if both the mother and baby are willing and able.
In planning an educational session for a patient with HIV, the nurse would include which of the following as a method of transmission for HIV? i.Saliva iv.Semen ii.Tears v.Blood iii.Breast milk
- A. 1, 4, 2005
- B. 1, 2, 4, 5
- C. 3, 4, 2005
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HIV can be transmitted through specific body fluids that contain the virus. Saliva, tears, and semen do not typically contain enough HIV to transmit the virus, so they are not considered significant modes of transmission. However, blood, breast milk, and genital fluids (such as semen) are known to contain higher levels of HIV and can lead to transmission of the virus. Therefore, the nurse would include blood, breast milk, and semen as methods of transmission for HIV during the educational session.
A client is receiving chemotherapy for cancer. The nurse reviews the client's laboratory report and notes that he has thrombocytopenia. To which nursing diagnosis should the nurse give the highest priority?
- A. Activity intolerance
- B. Impaired tissue integrity
- C. Impaired oral mucous membranes
- D. Ineffective tissue perfusion: Cerebral, cardiopulmonary, GI
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low platelet count, which can lead to impaired clot formation and increased risk of bleeding. With a low platelet count, there is an increased risk of internal bleeding and hemorrhage, which can affect vital organs such as the brain, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the priority nursing diagnosis for a client with thrombocytopenia receiving chemotherapy would be Ineffective tissue perfusion: Cerebral, cardiopulmonary, GI. Monitoring for signs of internal bleeding, such as changes in mental status, chest pain, and abdominal pain, is crucial to prevent potential life-threatening complications.
the most dangerous complication of untreated hypothyroidism is
- A. mental retardation.
- B. hypertension.
- C. low weight gain.
- D. sensitivity to heat.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most dangerous complication of untreated hypothyroidism is mental retardation, especially in infants and children. Thyroid hormones play a vital role in the brain development of infants and young children. Severe and prolonged hypothyroidism during this critical period can lead to irreversible cognitive impairment, affecting intelligence and neurodevelopment. Therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism are essential to prevent this serious complication, particularly in children.