Nokea
The nurse is preparing to administer methylnaltrexone. This drug is appropriate for which patient?
- A. A patient with diarrhea
- B. A terminally ill patient who has opioid-induced constipation
- C. A patient who is scheduled for a colonoscopy
- D. A patient who will be having colon surgery in the morning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methylnaltrexone is approved only for terminally ill (hospice) patients who have opioid-induced constipation. The other options are incorrect.
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A patient who has been on antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks has developed persistent diarrhea. The nurse expects which medication class to be ordered to treat this diarrhea?
- A. Lubricants
- B. Adsorbents
- C. Anticholinergics
- D. Probiotics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Probiotics work by replenishing bacteria that may have been destroyed by antibiotic therapy, thus restoring the balance of normal flora and suppressing the growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria.
A patient is about to undergo a diagnostic bowel procedure. The nurse expects which drug to be used to induce total cleansing of the bowel?
- A. Docusate sodium
- B. Lactulose
- C. Mineral oil
- D. Polyethylene glycol 3350
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Polyethylene glycol is a very potent laxative that induces total cleansing of the bowel and is most commonly used before diagnostic or surgical bowel procedures. The other options are incorrect.
The nurse is reviewing the mechanism of action of antidiarrheal drugs. Which type of antidiarrheal medication works by decreasing the intestinal muscle tone and peristalsis of the intestines?
- A. Adsorbents
- B. Anticholinergics
- C. Probiotics
- D. Lubricants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anticholinergic drugs work to slow peristalsis by reducing the rhythmic contractions and the smooth muscle tone of the gastrointestinal tract. The other options are incorrect.
A patient has been treated with alosetron for severe irritable bowel syndrome for 2 weeks. She calls the clinic and tells the nurse that she has been experiencing constipation for 3 days. The nurse will take which action?
- A. Advise the patient to increase intake of fluids and fiber.
- B. Advise the patient to hold the drug for 2 days.
- C. Instruct the patient to stop taking the drug and to come to the clinic right away to be evaluated.
- D. Instruct the patient to continue the alosetron and to take milk of magnesia for the constipation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alosetron must be discontinued immediately if constipation or signs of ischemic colitis occur. The other options are incorrect.
When administering mineral oil, the nurse recognizes that it can interfere with the absorption of which substance?
- A. Fat-soluble vitamins
- B. Water-soluble vitamins
- C. Minerals
- D. Electrolytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mineral oil can decrease the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). The other options are incorrect.