Nokea
The nurse is preparing to care for a newborn with an omphalocele. The nurse should understand that care of the infant should include what intervention?
- A. Initiating breast or bottle-feedings to stabilize the blood glucose level
- B. Maintaining pain management with an intravenous opioid
- C. Covering the intact bowel with a nonadherent dressing to prevent injury
- D. Performing immediate surgery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The priority intervention for an infant with an omphalocele is to cover the intact bowel with a nonadherent dressing to protect the exposed organs and prevent infection. This intervention is crucial to prevent injury and maintain the infant's safety. Initiating feedings or maintaining pain management are not the immediate priorities in the care of an infant with an omphalocele. Performing immediate surgery may be required in the future, but initially, covering the bowel is the first critical step in management.
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Which condition is characterized by a 'seal-like' barking cough in children?
- A. Croup
- B. Asthma
- C. Bronchitis
- D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Croup is the correct answer. Croup is characterized by a 'seal-like' barking cough due to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airways, particularly the larynx and trachea. It is most common in young children and can cause significant respiratory distress, especially at night. Treatment often includes humidified air and corticosteroids. Asthma (choice B) typically presents with wheezing and shortness of breath, not a barking cough. Bronchitis (choice C) is characterized by productive cough with mucus, not a barking cough. Pneumonia (choice D) often presents with fever, productive cough, and chest pain, not a barking cough.
What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease in a daycare setting?
- A. Handwashing
- B. Isolating sick children
- C. Disinfecting toys
- D. Encouraging vaccination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Handwashing is indeed the most effective way to prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. Proper hand hygiene helps in removing and killing germs that can cause infections. While isolating sick children and disinfecting toys are important measures to prevent the spread of diseases, they are not as effective as handwashing. Encouraging vaccination, in this case, is not relevant since there is no specific vaccine available for hand, foot, and mouth disease.
A school-age child with celiac disease asks for guidance about snacks that will not exacerbate the disease. What snack should the nurse suggest?
- A. Pizza
- B. Pretzels
- C. Popcorn
- D. Oatmeal cookies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Popcorn is a safe snack for a child with celiac disease as it is naturally gluten-free. Other options like pizza, pretzels, and oatmeal cookies typically contain gluten unless specifically made with gluten-free ingredients, which can exacerbate celiac symptoms. Therefore, popcorn is the best option to suggest to the child to avoid any adverse effects on their condition.
What dietary modification is recommended for a child with cystic fibrosis?
- A. High carbohydrate
- B. Low protein
- C. High calorie
- D. Low fat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high-calorie diet is recommended for children with cystic fibrosis due to their increased energy needs and malabsorption issues. Cystic fibrosis affects the pancreas, leading to poor digestion and absorption of nutrients, particularly fats, which requires dietary adjustments to maintain adequate nutrition. High carbohydrate (Choice A) is not the primary focus; the emphasis is on overall calorie intake. Low protein (Choice B) is not recommended as protein intake is essential for growth and development. Low fat (Choice D) is not the best option as fat-soluble vitamin absorption is already compromised in cystic fibrosis, hence fat restriction is not a priority.
For a child with Kawasaki disease, which symptom is most indicative of the acute phase?
- A. Strawberry tongue
- B. Joint pain
- C. Rash
- D. Peeling skin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Strawberry tongue. In Kawasaki disease, a 'strawberry tongue' is most indicative of the acute phase. This refers to the tongue appearing red and swollen with enlarged fungiform papillae, giving it a strawberry-like appearance. Joint pain (Choice B) is more commonly associated with other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Rash (Choice C) and peeling skin (Choice D) are also seen in Kawasaki disease but are not as specific to the acute phase as the presence of a strawberry tongue.