Nokea
The nurse is preparing to read the Mantoux tuberculin skin test placed on the forearm of a patient with HIV. Which finding should the nurse report as a positive test for this patient?
- A. 2 mm
- B. 3 mm
- C. 4 mm
- D. 5 mm
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (5 mm) for a positive Mantoux test in a patient with HIV. In HIV-positive individuals, a positive test is considered when the induration is ≥5 mm. This is because the immune system may be compromised, leading to a delayed immune response. Choices A, B, and C (2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm) are not considered positive for HIV-positive individuals due to their weakened immune system, requiring a larger induration size to indicate a positive test.
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The theorist who believes that personality develops through social interaction is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erikson's psychosocial theory ties personality to social stages.
Words are powerful and language can stigmatize the individual dealing with mental illness. How can a nurse personally advocate for such individuals with this in mind?
- A. Encouraging all clients to be aware of their communication so as to not offend others
- B. Teaching the client diagnosed with schizophrenia to avoid pressured speech
- C. Role modeling language that is respectful to those with mental illnesses
- D. Engaging in communication that is always therapeutic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Role modeling language that is respectful to those with mental illnesses. Nurses can advocate for individuals with mental illness by demonstrating and promoting respectful language use, which helps reduce stigma and promote understanding. This approach empowers both the individual and others to use language that is sensitive and non-discriminatory. By setting an example through their own communication, nurses can positively influence interactions with individuals dealing with mental illness.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because:
A: Encouraging all clients to be aware of their communication may not directly address the issue of stigma and may inadvertently place the responsibility solely on the individual with mental illness.
B: Teaching a client diagnosed with schizophrenia to avoid pressured speech is important for their well-being but does not directly address advocating for individuals with mental illness in the context of stigma and language use.
D: Engaging in therapeutic communication is essential in nursing practice but does not specifically focus on advocating for individuals with mental illness regarding language and stigma.
The control group and the experimental group in an experiment are treated exactly the same except for the:
- A. Dependent variable
- B. Independent variable
- C. Extraneous variables
- D. Replication variables
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The independent variable is the only difference between control and experimental groups.
During an assessment interview with a newly admitted client, the nurse identifies a sense of anger developing in response to the client's defiant statements. In order to maintain a therapeutic environment, the nurse:
- A. Asks that another nurse continue the assessment.
- B. Identifies for the client the inappropriateness of his statements.
- C. Shares with the client that he appears angry about being admitted.
- D. Postpones the remainder of the interview until the client is more cooperative.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because it acknowledges the client's emotions without judgment, fostering trust and open communication. It validates the client's feelings and helps explore the underlying issues. A avoids addressing the situation directly. B could escalate the client's defensiveness. D may reinforce the client's behavior by allowing avoidance.
The theorist who believes that an individual interprets experiences is
- A. Jean Piaget
- B. Erik Erikson
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. John Dewey
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Piaget's constructivism posits individuals interpret experiences to build knowledge.