Nokea
The nurse is presenting a community education program related to cancer prevention. Based on current cancer death rates, the nurse emphasizes what as the most important preventive action for both women and men?
- A. Smoking cessation
- B. Routine colonoscopies
- C. Protection from ultraviolet light
- D. Regular examination of reproductive organs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking cessation is the most significant preventive action because smoking is a leading cause of preventable cancer deaths.
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Which of the following is an important nursing intervention for HIV-positive clients?
- A. Suggesting the use of herbal medications and alternate therapies.
- B. Suggesting the use of psychostimulants such as methamphetamine.
- C. Advising client to avoid clinical drug trials.
- D. Providing referral to support groups and resources for information.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Providing referrals to support groups and resources helps clients manage their condition and access necessary care.
A cell whose functions include ingesting foreign or invading cells is a (an):
- A. T cell.
- B. B cell.
- C. Macrophage.
- D. Erythrocyte.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Macrophages are specialized cells that engulf and digest pathogens, cellular debris, and other foreign substances. T cells and B cells play roles in adaptive immunity, while erythrocytes (red blood cells) are involved in oxygen transport.
What are the important functions of cell-mediated immunity (select all that apply)?
- A. Fungal infections
- B. Transfusion reactions
- C. Rejection of transplanted tissues
- D. Immunity against pathogens that survive outside cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cell-mediated immunity targets intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and fungi, and is critical in transplant rejection and certain hypersensitivity reactions.
Which patient is at risk for hypernatremia?
- A. Has a deficiency of aldosterone
- B. Has prolonged vomiting and diarrhea
- C. Receives excessive IV 5% dextrose solution
- D. Has impaired consciousness and decreased thirst sensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Impaired consciousness leads to decreased thirst sensitivity, preventing adequate water intake and increasing sodium concentration in the blood.
The nurse determines that a patient has long-term immunity against a disease. Which part of the immune system should the nurse recognize is responsible for this patient's long-term immunity?
- A. IgE
- B. IgG
- C. Mast cells
- D. Plasma cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: IgG. IgG is an immunoglobulin that provides long-term immunity by recognizing and neutralizing pathogens. It is produced by plasma cells in response to an infection, allowing the body to remember the pathogen and mount a quicker and more effective immune response upon re-exposure. IgE is involved in allergic reactions, not long-term immunity. Mast cells are involved in allergic responses and inflammation, not long-term immunity. Plasma cells produce antibodies, including IgG, but the plasma cells themselves are not responsible for long-term immunity.