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The nurse is providing care for a patient who has experienced a type I hypersensitivity reaction. What condition is an example of such a reaction?
- A. Anaphylactic reaction after a bee sting
- B. Skin reaction resulting from adhesive tape
- C. Myasthenia gravis
- D. Rheumatoid arthritis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anaphylactic (type I) hypersensitivity is an immediate reaction mediated by IgE antibodies and requires previous exposure to the specific antigen. Skin reactions are more commonly type IV and myasthenia gravis is thought to be a type II reaction. Rheumatoid arthritis is not a type I hypersensitivity reaction.
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After the completion of testing, a childs allergies have been attributed to her familys cat. When introducing the family to the principles of avoidance therapy, the nurse should promote what action?
- A. Removing the cat from the familys home
- B. Administering OTC antihistamines to the child regularly
- C. Keeping the cat restricted from the childs bedroom
- D. Maximizing airflow in the house
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In avoidance therapy, every attempt is made to remove the allergens that act as precipitating factors. Fully removing the cat from the environment is preferable to just keeping the cat out of the childs bedroom. Avoidance therapy does not involve improving airflow or using antihistamines.
A nurse knows of several patients who have achieved adequate control of their allergy symptoms using over-the-counter antihistamines. Antihistamines would be contraindicated in the care of which patient?
- A. A patient who has previously been treated for tuberculosis
- B. A pregnant woman at 30 weeks gestation
- C. A patient who is on estrogen-replacement therapy
- D. A patient with a severe allergy to eggs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antihistamines are contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy. Previous tuberculosis, hormone therapy, and food allergies do not contraindicate the use of antihistamines.
A child has been diagnosed with a severe walnut allergy after suffering an anaphylactic reaction. What is a priority for health education?
- A. The need to begin immunotherapy as soon as possible
- B. The need for the parents to carry an epinephrine pen
- C. The need to vigilantly maintain the childs immunization status
- D. The need for the child to avoid all foods that have a high potential for allergies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: All patients with food allergies, especially seafood and nuts, should have an EpiPen device prescribed. The child does not necessarily need to avoid all common food allergens. Immunotherapy is not indicated in the treatment of childhood food allergies. Immunizations are important, but do not address food allergies.
The nurse is creating a care plan for a patient suffering from allergic rhinitis. Which of the following outcomes should the nurse identify?
- A. Appropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics
- B. Safe injection of corticosteroids
- C. Improved skin integrity
- D. Improved coping with lifestyle modifications
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The goals for the patient with allergies may include restoration of normal breathing pattern, increased knowledge about the causes and control of allergic symptoms, improved coping with alterations and modifications, and absence of complications. Antibiotics are not used to treat allergies and corticosteroids, if needed, are not administered parenterally. Allergies do not normally threaten skin integrity.
The nurse in an allergy clinic is educating a new patient about the pathology of the patients health problem. What response should the nurse describe as a possible consequence of histamine release?
- A. Constriction of small venules
- B. Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
- C. Dilation of large blood vessels
- D. Decreased secretions from gastric and mucosal cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Histamines effects during the immune response include contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in wheezing and bronchospasm, dilation of small venules, constriction of large blood vessels, and an increase in secretion of gastric and mucosal cells.