Nokea
The nurse is providing client teaching for a client undergoing chemotherapy. What dietary modifications should the nurse advise?
- A. Eat wholesome meals.
- B. Avoid spicy and fatty foods.
- C. Avoid intake of fluids.
- D. Eat warm or hot foods.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse advises a client undergoing chemotherapy to avoid hot and very cold liquids and spicy and fatty foods. The nurse also encourages the client to have small meals and appropriate fluid intake.
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The nurse working on a bone marrow unit knows that it is a priority to monitor which of the following in a client who has just undergone a stem cell transplant?
- A. Monitor the client's toilet patterns.
- B. Monitor the client closely to prevent infection.
- C. Monitor the client's physical condition.
- D. Monitor the client's heart rate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Until transplanted stem cells begin to produce blood cells, these clients have no physiologic means to fight infection, which makes them very prone to infection. They are at high risk for dying from sepsis and bleeding before engraftment. Therefore, a nurse must closely monitor clients and take measures to prevent infection. Monitoring client's toilet patterns, physical condition, and heart rate does not prevent the possibility of the client getting an infection.
The nurse is caring for a thyroid cancer client following oral radioactive iodine treatment. Which teaching point is most important?
- A. Shield your throat area when near others.'
- B. Flush the toilet several times after every use.'
- C. Prepare food separately from family members.'
- D. Use disposable utensils for the next month.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iodine 131 is a systemic internal radiation that is excreted through body fluids, especially urine. Flushing the toilet several times after each use will avoid the exposure of others to radioactive exposure. Shielding the throat area is not effective because this form of treatment is systemic. Preparing food separately is not necessary, but the use of separate eating utensils will be necessary for the first 8 days.
The client is receiving a vesicant antineoplastic for treatment of cancer. Which assessment finding would require the nurse to take immediate action?
- A. Extravasation
- B. Stomatitis
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Bone pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse needs to monitor IV administration of antineoplastics (especially vesicants) to prevent tissue necrosis to blood vessels, skin, muscles, and nerves. Stomatitis, nausea/vomiting, and bone pain can be symptoms of the disease process or treatment mode but does not require immediate action.
Which of the following can be considered carcinogens?
- A. Parasites
- B. Medical procedures
- C. Dietary substances
- D. Infective genes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carcinogens include chemical agents, environmental factors, dietary substances, viruses, defective genes, and medically prescribed interventions.
A client diagnosed with cancer has the tumor staged and graded based on what factors?
- A. How they tend to grow and the cell type
- B. How they spread and tend to grow
- C. How they differentiate the cell type
- D. How they spread and differentiate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tumors are staged and graded based upon how they tend to grow and the cell type before a client is treated for cancer.