Nokea
The nurse is reading an article that states that the maternal mortality rate in the United States in the year 2000 was 17. Which of the following statements would be an accurate interpretation of the statement?
- A. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 live births.
- B. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 women of childbearing age.
- C. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 pregnancies.
- D. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 women in the country
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maternal mortality rates are typically expressed as the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. This metric focuses specifically on deaths related to pregnancy or childbirth complications among women who have given birth, making option A the correct choice. Options B, C, and D refer to broader populations or less relevant denominators, which do not align with standard definitions of maternal mortality rates.
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Which of the following is a risk factor for developing a cesarean section?
- A. Fetal malpresentation
- B. Spontaneous labor
- C. Low maternal age
- D. No previous pregnancies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fetal malpresentation. This is a risk factor for cesarean section because the baby's position can impact the ability to deliver vaginally. If the baby is in a breech or transverse position, a cesarean section may be necessary to ensure a safe delivery.
Choice B, spontaneous labor, is not a risk factor for cesarean section as it is a natural part of childbirth. Choice C, low maternal age, is also not a risk factor as age alone does not determine the need for a cesarean section. Choice D, no previous pregnancies, is not a risk factor as it does not directly impact the likelihood of needing a cesarean section.
The nurse’s role in diagnostic testing is to provide which of the following?
- A. Advice to the couple
- B. Information about the tests
- C. Reassurance about fetal safety
- D. Assistance with decision making
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's role is to provide all necessary information regarding a procedure to enable the couple to make an informed decision.
A patient in labor is undergoing an epidural block and develops hypotension. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Increase intravenous fluids
- B. Place the patient in a Trendelenburg position
- C. Administer oxygen via face mask
- D. Notify the physician immediately
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct first action is to increase intravenous fluids (Choice A). This will help improve the patient's blood volume and subsequently increase blood pressure. Trendelenburg position (Choice B) is not recommended due to potential complications. Administering oxygen (Choice C) may be helpful but doesn't directly address the hypotension. Notifying the physician (Choice D) is important but addressing hypotension promptly is the priority. Increasing fluids helps address the underlying cause of hypotension in this scenario.
What change occurs at the same time as quickening?
- A. Fetal heart begins to beat
- B. Lanugo covers the body
- C. Kidneys secrete urine
- D. Fingernails begin to form
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Quickening typically coincides with the onset of fetal kidney function and urine secretion.
The patient who has received a dose of preservative- free morphine (Duramorph) is beginning to experience pruritus. Which medication is used to treat this?
- A. Low-dose naloxone infusion
- B. Diphenhydramine
- C. Dilaudid
- D. Sublimaze
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diphenhydramine. Pruritus is a common side effect of opioid medications like morphine. Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine, can help relieve itching. Low-dose naloxone infusion (A) is used for opioid overdose, not pruritus. Dilaudid (C) and Sublimaze (D) are other opioid medications similar to morphine, and using them would not address the pruritus. Diphenhydramine is the most appropriate choice to alleviate the itching without interfering with the pain relief provided by the morphine.