Nokea
The nurse is reinforcing teaching on the rising incidence of HIV in adults over the age of 50 with a group of senior community members. Which factors should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Older adults are less likely to use condoms than younger at-risk adults.
- B. At-risk individuals over the age of 50 are less likely to be tested for HIV.
- C. Society continues to age with larger numbers of people entering this age group.
- D. A decline in the function of the immune system increases the risk of HIV infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Older adults are less likely to use condoms due to factors such as decreased perception of risk and lack of awareness.
Step 2: This places them at higher risk for HIV transmission.
Step 3: Reinforcing education on condom use can help prevent HIV transmission in this age group.
Step 4: Therefore, choice A is correct.
Summary: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the specific risk factors for HIV transmission in adults over 50. Choice B focuses on testing, while choices C and D mention general population trends and immune system function, which are not directly related to the increased HIV incidence in this age group.
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Purposely hurting a family pet is a warning sign of other types of abuse in the home.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Studies indicate that abuse of family pets can be an indicator of family violence as the abuser demonstrates his power and control.
What factor affects the human life style:
- A. Means of transport
- B. Dressing
- C. Occupation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lifestyle is influenced by multiple factors, including transport, dressing, and occupation.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS. Which outcome should receive priority?
- A. Remain socially active.
- B. Report high self-esteem.
- C. Remain free of infection.
- D. Maintain baseline weight.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Remain free of infection. This outcome should receive priority for a patient with AIDS to prevent further complications and deterioration of the immune system. Infection prevention is crucial in managing AIDS. A: Remaining socially active may be important but not the priority in this case. B: Reporting high self-esteem is beneficial but not directly related to the patient's health outcome. D: Maintaining baseline weight is important for overall health but not as critical as preventing infections in a patient with AIDS.
In the emergency department, a patient’s vital signs are: blood pressure (BP), 66/40 mm Hg; pulse (P), 140 beats per minute (bpm); and respirations (R), 8 breaths per minute and shallow. The patient overdosed on illegally obtained hydromorphone (Dilaudid). Select the priority outcome.
- A. Within 8 hours, vital signs will stabilize as evidenced by BP greater than 90/60 mm Hg, P less than 100 bpm, and respirations at or above 12 breaths per minute.
- B. The patient will be able to describe a plan for home care and achieve a drug-free state before being released from the emergency department.
- C. The patient will attend daily meetings of Narcotics Anonymous within 1 week of beginning treatment.
- D. The patient will identify two community resources for the treatment of substance abuse by discharge.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because stabilizing the patient's vital signs is the top priority in this critical situation. A blood pressure of 66/40 mm Hg indicates severe hypotension, which can lead to organ failure. A pulse of 140 bpm and shallow respirations of 8 bpm indicate poor perfusion and respiratory distress. Achieving a BP greater than 90/60 mm Hg, P less than 100 bpm, and respirations at or above 12 bpm indicates improved perfusion and oxygenation, which are crucial for the patient's survival.
Option B is incorrect as achieving a drug-free state is not the immediate priority in an overdose situation. Option C is incorrect as attending Narcotics Anonymous meetings is important for long-term recovery but not the immediate priority. Option D is incorrect as identifying community resources for substance abuse treatment is important but not as critical as stabilizing the vital signs in an overdose situation.
While caring for a patient with a methamphetamine overdose, which tasks are the priority focuses of care? Select all that apply.
- A. Administration of naloxone (Narcan)
- B. Vitamin B12 and folate supplements
- C. Restoring nutritional integrity
- D. Prevention of seizures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prevention of seizures. Methamphetamine overdose can lead to seizures due to its effects on the central nervous system. Preventing seizures is crucial to avoid further complications.
A: Administration of naloxone is used for opioid overdoses, not methamphetamine.
B: Vitamin B12 and folate supplements may be beneficial for long-term recovery but are not the priority in the acute care of a methamphetamine overdose.
C: Restoring nutritional integrity is important but not the immediate priority when managing a methamphetamine overdose.
In summary, preventing seizures should be the priority focus of care for a patient with a methamphetamine overdose as it directly addresses a life-threatening complication of the overdose.