Nokea
The nurse is reviewing a client's history and finds that the client uses a laxative that produces its effects by dehydrating local tissues, which causes irritation and increased peristalsis, with consequent evacuation of the fecal mass. Which of the following would this be?
- A. Docusate sodium (Colace)
- B. Methylcellulose (Citrucel)
- C. Glycerin (Fleet Babylax)
- D. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
- E. Lactulose (Chronulac)
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: Hyperosmotic agents, like glycerin (Fleet Babylax) and lactulose (Chronulac), produce their laxative effect by dehydrating local tissues, which causes irritation and increased peristalsis, with consequent evacuation of the fecal mass. Docusate is a stool softener. Methylcellulose is a bulk-forming laxative. Bisacodyl is an irritant laxative.
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A client's history reveals that the client is experiencing intestinal gas. Which of the following would the nurse expect the primary health care provider to prescribe?
- A. Charcoal (Flatulex)
- B. Omeprazole (Prilosec)
- C. Ranitidine (Zantac)
- D. Odansetron (Zofran)
- E. Simethicone (Mylicon)
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Charcoal (Flatulex) and simethicone (Mylicon) are antiflatulents used to help relieve gas in the intestinal tract of a client. Omeprazole and ranitidine are used to treat hyperacidity disorders. Odansetron is used to treat nausea and vomiting.
Which of the following produce their laxative effect by direct action on the intestine to increase peristalsis?
- A. Sennosides (Senokot)
- B. Methylcellulose (Citrucel)
- C. Glycerin (Fleet Babylax)
- D. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
- E. Lactulose (Chronulac)
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Irritant or stimulant laxatives, like sennosides (Senokot) and bisacodyl (Dulcolax), produce their laxative effect by direct action on the intestine to increase peristalsis. Methylcellulose is a bulk-forming laxative. Glycerin and lactulose are hyperosmolar drugs.
A nurse would most likely expect a primary health care provider to prescribe psyllium (Metamucil) to a client who is experiencing constipation related to which drug?
- A. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- B. Clonidine (Catapres)
- C. Enalapril (Vasotec)
- D. Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- E. Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The following drugs may cause constipation in clients and require the use of a laxative to relieve constipation: anticholinergics, antihistamines (fexofenadine), phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline), opioids, non-potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone), iron preparations, barium, clonidine, and calcium- or aluminum-containing antacids.
A nurse is caring for a client receiving bismuth subsalicylate for the relief of diarrhea. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform to promote an optimal response to the prescribed drug therapy?
- A. Thoroughly mix and stir the drug before administering.
- B. Administer the drug after each loose bowel movement.
- C. Ensure the client receives adequate sunlight.
- D. Encourage the client to lightly exercise on a daily basis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should administer the drug after each loose bowel movement to promote an optimal response to the prescribed drug therapy in the client with diarrhea. The nurse should inspect each bowel movement before making a decision to administer the drug. Laxatives that are in powder, flake, or granule form are mixed and stirred before being administered to the client with constipation. The nurse need not ensure that the client receives adequate sunlight or encourage the client to lightly exercise on a daily basis as these interventions will not help in promoting an optimal response to the prescribed drug therapy.
A client is prescribed diphenoxylate. The nurse informs the client that he may experience which of the following effects?
- A. Euphoric effects
- B. Analgesic effects
- C. Anti-inflammatory effects
- D. Sedative effects
- E. Slowed GI effects
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Because diphenoxylate (Lomotil) is opioid related, it may have sedative, slowed GI, and euphoric effects but no analgesic or anti-inflammatory activity.