Nokea
The nurse is reviewing principles of genetics. Which of these is a long strand of DNA that is contained within the nuclei of cells?
- A. Gene
- B. Allele
- C. Genome
- D. Chromosome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A chromosome is a long strand of DNA that is contained in the nuclei of cells. DNA molecules, in turn, act as the template for the formation of RNA molecules, from which proteins are made. The other answers are incorrect.
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The nurse is discussing gene therapy in a continuing education class. Which is the best definition of eugenics?
- A. The use of gene therapy to prevent disease
- B. The development of new drugs based on gene therapy
- C. Intentional selection, before birth, of genotypes that are considered more desirable than others
- D. The determination of genetic factors that influence a person's response to medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eugenics is the intentional selection of genotypes, before birth, that are considered more desirable than others, and it is a major ethical issue concerning gene therapy. The other options do not describe eugenics.
The nurse is asking a patient about his family history as part of an assessment. Which component is included in an effective family history?
- A. Asking the patient about the current and past health status of the patient's children
- B. Covering at least three generations of family history
- C. Obtaining a family history of the patient's spouse
- D. Asking about the family history for the patient's siblings and parents only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The family history is most effective if it covers at least three generations and includes the current and past health status of each family member. The other options are incorrect.
The nurse is preparing a class on gene therapy for a group of students. Which statements about gene therapy are true?
- A. The FDA must review and approve all human clinical genetic trials.
- B. Gene therapy may involve creating new genes within a human.
- C. Gene therapy may involve replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy of the gene.
- D. Some trials involve introducing a new gene into the body to help fight disease.
- E. Gene therapy may include inactivating a mutated gene that is not functioning properly.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Gene therapy may include: Replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy of the gene; introducing a new gene into the body to help fight a disease; inactivating a mutated gene that is functioning improperly. In addition, the FDA must review and approve all human clinical genetic trials. Gene therapy does not include creating new genes.
The nurse is asking a patient about his drug history, and the patient states, - Whenever I take any strong pain medications, I usually sleep for hours, I have no idea why that happens!! The nurse considers that which of these is true about this patient's statement?
- A. The patient is exaggerating about a normal side effect of pain medications.
- B. The patient's reaction to pain medications may point to a difference in his ability to metabolize certain drugs.
- C. The patient will need higher doses of medication for pain control.
- D. The patient should never receive strong pain medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is important to inquire about any unusual reactions to a drug - on the part of the patient, family members, significant others, and/or caregivers. An unusual or other than expected reaction to a drug in family members may point to a difference in the patient's ability to metabolize certain drugs. Genetic factors may alter a patient's metabolism of a particular drug, resulting in either increased or decreased drug action. The other statements are not correct.
A patient will be receiving famotidine 20 mg at bedtime. A liquid form is ordered because the patient cannot swallow pills or capsules; the concentration of the liquid is 40 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters will the patient receive per dose?
Correct Answer: 2.5 mL
Rationale: 40 mg : 5 mL :: 20 mg : x mL; (40 * x) = (5 * 20); 40x = 100; x = 2.5 mL/dose.