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The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a patient and notes the information below. Which of the following would be found on Axis III?
- A. Cocaine dependence
- B. Bipolar I disorder
- C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
- D. Cellulitis
- E. Homelessness
- F. Arrest for cocaine possession with intent to sell
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Axis III in the DSM-IV-TR includes general medical conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and cellulitis. Cocaine dependence and bipolar I disorder are Axis I, homelessness is Axis IV, and arrests are not typically included in DSM axes.
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A nursing student is assigned to care for a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. When talking about this patient in a clinical postconference, the student would use which terminology when referring to the patient?
- A. Committed patient
- B. Schizophrenic
- C. Schizophrenic patient
- D. Person with schizophrenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Person-first language, such as 'person with schizophrenia,' is preferred to avoid defining the individual by their diagnosis, reducing stigma and promoting respectful communication.
As part of a class activity, nursing students are engaged in a small group discussion about the epidemiology of mental illness. Which statement best explains the importance of epidemiology in understanding the impact of mental disorders?
- A. Epidemiology helps promote understanding of the patterns of occurrence associated with mental disorders.
- B. Epidemiology helps explain research findings about the neurophysiology that causes mental disorders.
- C. Epidemiology provides a thorough theoretical explanation of why specific mental disorders occur.
- D. Epidemiology predicts when a specific psychiatric client will recover from a specific mental disorder.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epidemiology studies the distribution and determinants of mental disorders in populations, helping to identify patterns of occurrence, risk factors, and prevalence to inform public health strategies.
A group of students are reviewing the multiaxial diagnostic system of the DSM-IV-TR. The students demonstrate understanding of the axes when they identify that each axis represents which of the following?
- A. An evidence-based research finding
- B. An experimental design to guide care
- C. A domain of information
- D. A laboratory test finding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Each axis in the DSM-IV-TR represents a distinct domain of information (e.g., clinical disorders, personality disorders, medical conditions, psychosocial stressors, and functioning) to provide a comprehensive diagnostic picture.
A nurse is preparing a presentation about mental disorders and plans to include how mental disorders are different from medical disorders. Which statement would be most appropriate for the nurse to include?
- A. Mental disorders are defined by an underlying biological pathology.
- B. Numerous laboratory tests are used to aid in the diagnosis of mental disorders.
- C. Cluster of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings characterize mental disorders.
- D. Manifestations of mental disorders are within normal, expected parameters.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mental disorders are characterized by a cluster of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that cause distress or impairment, unlike medical disorders, which often have clear biological markers or laboratory tests.
A nurse is providing care to a patient with a mental disorder classified by the DSM-IV-TR. The nurse understands that although the first three axes appear to contain all the diagnostic information about a patient, a truly accurate picture of the client is incomplete without considering other factors such as an estimate of current functioning and:
- A. Life stressors
- B. Cultural background
- C. Marital status
- D. Genetic history
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The DSM-IV-TR includes five axes, with Axis IV capturing psychosocial and environmental problems (e.g., life stressors) that contribute to the patient?s condition, complementing the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) on Axis V for a complete picture.