Nokea
The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a woman in labor and notes that the fetal position is documented as LSA. The nurse interprets this information as indicating which part as the presenting part?
- A. occiput
- B. face
- C. buttocks
- D. shoulder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because in the notation LSA, the S denotes the sacrum or buttocks as the presenting part. The occiput is denoted by O, face by M, and shoulder by A.
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A pregnant woman comes to the labor and birth unit in labor. The woman tells the nurse, Yesterday, I had this burst of energy and cleaned everything in sight, but I don't know why. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. You had a burst of epinephrine, which is common before labor.
- B. You were trying to get everything ready for your baby.
- C. You felt your mind telling you that you were about to go into labor.
- D. You were looking forward to the birth of your baby.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a sudden increase in energy before labor is common due to an increase in epinephrine release. This burst of energy is unrelated to getting everything ready or looking forward to the birth of the baby. It is a physiological response that occurs before labor onset.
During a consultation, a patient asks about the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Estrogen triggers the release of mature eggs from the ovaries.
- B. Estrogen supports the growth of the uterine lining for implantation.
- C. Estrogen prevents ovulation during pregnancy.
- D. Estrogen regulates the production of progesterone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Estrogen supports the growth of the uterine lining for implantation. Estrogen plays a key role in the menstrual cycle by stimulating the thickening of the endometrium (uterine lining) to prepare for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. This process occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Choice A is incorrect because ovulation is primarily triggered by luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, not estrogen. Choice C is incorrect as estrogen levels decrease during pregnancy, allowing ovulation to occur. Choice D is incorrect because while estrogen and progesterone work together in the menstrual cycle, estrogen does not directly regulate progesterone production.
A patient asks about the effects of environmental toxins on fertility. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Environmental toxins have no impact on fertility outcomes.
- B. Exposure to toxins can harm egg and sperm quality, reducing fertility.
- C. Toxins only affect fertility in individuals over 40.
- D. Avoiding toxins guarantees immediate conception.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because exposure to environmental toxins can indeed harm egg and sperm quality, leading to reduced fertility. Toxins can disrupt hormone balance, affect reproductive organs, and damage genetic material in eggs and sperm. This can result in difficulty conceiving or increased risk of miscarriage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A is inaccurate as environmental toxins can impact fertility outcomes. C is incorrect as toxins can affect fertility at any age. D is misleading as avoiding toxins does not guarantee immediate conception, as fertility is influenced by various factors.
The nurse is analyzing the pedigree shown below. How should the nurse interpret the genotype of the individuals in locations IV-9 and IV-10?
- A. Fraternal twins.
- B. Unaffected couple.
- C. Proband and sister.
- D. Known heterozygotes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The symbols indicate known heterozygotes.
An Orthodox Jewish couple is seeking infertility counseling. The woman states that her menstrual cycle is 21 days long. After testing, no physical explanation is found for the infertility. Which of the following may explain why the woman has been unable to conceive?
- A. Her kosher diet is lacking the essential nutrients needed for achieving optimal reproductive health.
- B. The positions allowed Orthodox Jewish couples during intercourse hinder the process of fertilization.
- C. Orthodox Jewish couples are known to have a high rate of infertility because of inborn genetic diseases.
- D. Orthodox Jewish couples refrain from intercourse during menses and for seven days after it ends.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Orthodox Jewish couples abstain from intercourse during menstruation and the subsequent week, potentially missing the fertile window.