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The nurse is talking to a parent of an infant with heart failure about feeding the infant. Which statement about feeding the child is correct?
- A. "You may need to increase the caloric density of your infant's formula."
- B. "You should feed your baby every 2 hours."
- C. "You may need to increase the amount of formula your infant eats with each feeding."
- D. "You should place a nasal oxygen cannula on your infant during and after each feeding."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In infants with heart failure, they may have increased metabolic demands due to their condition. Thus, it may be necessary to increase the caloric density of the infant's formula to ensure adequate nutrition and energy intake. This can help support the infant's growth and provide the necessary energy for their increased metabolic needs. Increasing the amount of formula or feeding too frequently (every 2 hours) may not be necessary and could lead to other issues like overfeeding. Placing a nasal oxygen cannula on the infant during and after each feeding (Option D) is not typically related to feeding practices for an infant with heart failure.
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A 3-year-old attends her grandfather's funeral. Her parents told her he is in heaven with God. Which statement best describes her understanding of spirituality?
- A. The body is here, and the spirit is in heaven.
- B. He is in heaven. Is this heaven?
- C. She will think that because she can see his body, he must still be here.
- D. He won't need his body in heaven.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Three-year-olds are literal thinkers; if they see a body, they may assume that the person is still present.
Which of the ff causes memory cells to convert to plasma cells?
- A. An organ transplant
- B. Re-exposure to a specific antigen
- C. Release of lymphokines
- D. Initial exposure to an antigen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Memory cells are a type of immune cell that "remembers" a specific antigen through previous exposure. When the body encounters the same antigen again during a re-exposure, the memory cells quickly recognize it and can rapidly convert into effector cells, such as plasma cells. Plasma cells are specialized cells that produce antibodies targeted against that specific antigen. This rapid conversion process allows the immune system to mount a quicker and more effective response upon encountering the antigen for the second time.
At health fair, an oncology nurse answers questions about risk factors for various types of cancer. One person with a family history of colon cancer asks the nurse to identify risk factors for this type of cancer. The nurse should identify:
- A. Smoking
- B. Obesity
- C. Heavy alcohol consumption
- D. Saccharin consumption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Obesity is a known risk factor for colon cancer. Studies have shown that individuals who are obese have an increased risk of developing colon cancer compared to those who are of normal weight. The excess fat tissue, particularly around the abdomen, can lead to chronic inflammation and hormonal changes in the body, which can contribute to the development of cancer cells. It is essential for individuals with a family history of colon cancer to be mindful of maintaining a healthy weight as part of their overall cancer prevention strategies. Smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and saccharin consumption are not identified as primary risk factors for colon cancer.
Why would a Heimlich maneuver be performed on a client?
- A. To increase the absorption of the prescribed medication
- B. To clear the airway if the client cannot speak or breathe after swallowing food
- C. To reduce the potential for injuries as a result of falls
- D. To maintain extremities in proper anatomic position CARING FOR CLIENT WITH HEAD AND SPINAL CORD TRAUMA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Heimlich maneuver, also known as abdominal thrusts, is performed on a client to clear the airway if the client is choking and cannot speak or breathe after swallowing food. The maneuver involves applying upward pressure on the abdomen in an effort to forcefully expel the object blocking the airway. It is a crucial life-saving technique that can prevent the client from suffocating due to an obstructed airway. In cases of choking emergencies, the Heimlich maneuver should be administered promptly to effectively remove the obstruction and restore breathing.
The nurse observes the temperature record of a client and relates the fever to the brain infection the client currently has. The nurse knows that a high temperature may lead to an increased cerebral irritation. Which of the ff measures can help the nurse control the clients body temperature? Choose all that apply
- A. Providing tepid sponge bath
- B. Applying ice packs
- C. Administering prescribed antipyretics
- D. Keeping the room temperature warm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Providing tepid sponge bath: This measure helps to gradually lower the body temperature by promoting heat loss through evaporation. It is a safe and effective way to cool down someone with a fever.