Nokea
The nurse is talking with a group of clients at a community health fair about colorectal cancer. Which of the following statements would be appropriate for the nurse to make? Select all that apply.
- A. Clients over the age of 50 are at highest risk for colorectal cancer regardless of health status
- B. Consuming low amounts of red meat may reduce the risk for developing colorectal cancer
- C. Clients with inflammatory bowel disease are at higher risk for developing colorectal cancer
- D. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables and maintaining a healthy weight may reduce the risk for developing colorectal cancer
- E. Clients with a parent or sibling who has had colorectal cancer should have screenings earlier and more often than other clients
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Low red meat, high fruit/vegetable intake, and healthy weight reduce colorectal cancer risk. Inflammatory bowel disease and family history increase risk, necessitating earlier screenings. Risk rises after age 50, but health status matters, making the first statement inaccurate.
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The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for multiple clients receiving opioids for pain management. Which client has the greatest risk for respiratory depression?
- A. 20-year-old client with chronic bronchitis who is receiving inhaled albuterol therapy every 4 hours
- B. 30-year-old client with opioid use disorder who had rotator cuff repair surgery this morning
- C. 50-year-old client with sleep apnea and left foot cellulitis who is scheduled for a bone scan later today
- D. 70-year-old client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who had knee replacement this morning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The 70-year-old with COPD is at highest risk for opioid-induced respiratory depression due to age-related reduced lung capacity and COPD-related impaired gas exchange. Chronic bronchitis and opioid use disorder increase risk but are less severe in this context.
All of the following tasks need to be done. Which one can the LPN/LVN safely delegate to the certified nursing assistant (CNA)?
- A. Tube feeding for a client with a nasogastric tube
- B. Routine vital signs for a group of clients
- C. Blood pressure monitoring for a client who is in congestive heart failure
- D. Wound care for a client with a stage III decubitus ulcer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Routine vital signs are within a CNA's scope of practice. Tube feeding, specialized blood pressure monitoring, and wound care require nursing judgment and skills.
The nurse is assigned to care for a client newly diagnosed with angina. As part of discharge teaching, it is important to remind the client to remove the nitroglycerine patch after 12 hours in order to prevent what condition?
- A. Skin irritation
- B. Drug tolerance
- C. Severe headaches
- D. Postural hypotension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drug tolerance. Removing a nitroglycerine patch for a period of 10-12 hours daily prevents tolerance to the drug, which can occur with continuous patch use.
The nurse is talking to a client with a newly diagnosed seizure disorder who has a prescription for levetiracetam. Which of the following statements by the client would require follow-up?
- A. I can begin driving my car again after I have been taking this medication for 2 weeks
- B. I need to contact my health care provider if I develop a rash while taking this medication
- C. I should report any new or increased anxiety I experience while taking this medication
- D. I understand that drowsiness is an adverse effect of this medication that may improve over time.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Driving restrictions for seizure disorders typically last 6-12 months seizure-free, not 2 weeks, posing a safety risk. Reporting rashes and anxiety are correct due to potential side effects of levetiracetam.
The nurse is caring for an adult who has atrial fibrillation and osteoporosis. Atenolol is prescribed. The nurse should expect that this medication was prescribed to:
- A. decrease elevated blood pressure.
- B. decrease inflammation.
- C. relieve pain.
- D. slow the heart rate.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atenolol, a beta-blocker, is used in atrial fibrillation to control heart rate, reducing rapid ventricular response.