Nokea
The nurse is teaching a class on atherosclerosis. Which statement describes the scientific rationale as to why diabetes is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?
- A. Glucose combines with carbon monoxide, instead of with oxygen, and this leads to oxygen deprivation of tissues.
- B. Diabetes stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in peripheral constriction that increases the development of atherosclerosis.
- C. Diabetes speeds the atherosclerotic process by thickening the basement membrane of both large and small vessels.
- D. The increased glucose combines with the hemoglobin, which causes deposits of plaque in the lining of the vessels.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis by thickening vascular basement membranes (C), promoting plaque. Carbon monoxide (A), sympathetic stimulation (B), and glucose-hemoglobin (D) are incorrect mechanisms.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is assessing a client with endocarditis. Which finding is most concerning?
- A. Fever of 102°F
- B. Mild fatigue
- C. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute
- D. Blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fever is a hallmark of endocarditis and may indicate ongoing infection, requiring prompt attention.
The nurse is assessing a client with hypertension. Which finding requires immediate action?
- A. Blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg
- B. Headache rated 4/10
- C. Blurred vision and confusion
- D. Pulse rate of 88 beats per minute
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Blurred vision and confusion indicate a hypertensive crisis, which can lead to organ damage and requires immediate intervention.
The client had an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair two (2) days ago. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Assess the client’s bowel sounds.
- B. Administer an IV prophylactic antibiotic.
- C. Encourage the client to splint the incision.
- D. Ambulate the client in the room with assistance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing bowel sounds (A) is first to detect ileus, common post-AAA repair. Antibiotics (B), splinting (C), and ambulation (D) follow based on assessment.
The client diagnosed with essential hypertension asks the nurse, 'Why do I have high blood pressure?' Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. You probably have some type of kidney disease that causes the high BP.'
- B. More than likely you have had a diet high in salt, fat, and cholesterol.'
- C. There is no specific cause for hypertension, but there are many known risk factors.'
- D. You are concerned that you have high blood pressure. Let's sit down and talk.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Essential hypertension has no single cause but multiple risk factors (e.g., genetics, lifestyle) (C). Kidney disease (A) or diet (B) may contribute but aren’t definitive, and concern (D) avoids the question.
The nurse is teaching a client with cardiomyopathy about implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Which statement is accurate?
- A. It will prevent all arrhythmias.
- B. It delivers a shock if a dangerous rhythm occurs.
- C. It replaces the need for medications.
- D. It requires replacement every 2 years.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An ICD monitors heart rhythm and delivers a shock to restore normal rhythm in life-threatening arrhythmias.