Nokea
The nurse is teaching a patient about ways to prevent primary dysmenorrhea. Which of the following information should the nurse provide to the patient?
- A. Avoid aerobic exercise during her menstrual period.
- B. Use cold packs on the abdomen and back for pain relief.
- C. Talk with health care provider about antidepressant therapy.
- D. Start taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) regularly when menstrual period starts.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NSAIDs should be started as soon as the menstrual period begins and taken at regular intervals (every 4-8 hours) during the usual time frame in which pain occurs. Aerobic exercise may help reduce symptoms. Heat therapy, such as warm packs, is recommended for relief of pain. Antidepressant therapy is not a typical treatment for dysmenorrhea.
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Which of the following information should the nurse include when teaching a 51-year-old female patient who is considering the use of combined estrogen-progesterone hormone therapy (HT) during menopause?
- A. Use of estrogen-containing vaginal creams provides most of the same benefits as oral HT.
- B. Use of HT for up to 10 years to prevent symptoms such as hot flashes is generally considered safe.
- C. HT decreases osteoporosis risk and increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and breast cancer.
- D. Increased incidence of colon cancer in women taking HT requires frequent stool assessment for occult blood.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Data from the Women's Health Initiative indicate an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and breast cancer in women taking combination HT but a decrease in hip fractures. Vaginal creams decrease symptoms related to vaginal atrophy and dryness, but they do not offer the other benefits of HT, such as decreased hot flashes. Most women who use HT are placed on short-term treatment and are not treated for up to 10 years. The incidence of colon cancer decreases in women taking HT.
The nurse is caring for a patient recently diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. Which of the following information is most important for the nurse to teach the patient?
- A. Reasons for a total hysterectomy
- B. How to decrease facial hair growth
- C. Ways to reduce the occurrence of acne
- D. Methods to maintain appropriate weight
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity exacerbates the problems associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The nurse will also address the problems of acne and hirsutism, but these symptoms are lower priority because they do not have long-term health consequences. Although some patients do require total hysterectomy, this is usually performed only after other therapies have been unsuccessful.
A 32-year-old patient has minor changes on her Pap test. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Teach the patient about colposcopy.
- B. Teach the patient about punch biopsy.
- C. Schedule another Pap test in 4 months.
- D. Administer the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with minor changes on the Pap test can be followed with Pap tests every 4-6 months because these changes may revert to normal. Punch biopsy or colposcopy may be used if the Pap test shows more prominent changes. The HPV vaccine may reduce the risk for cervical cancer, but it is recommended only for ages 9 through 26.
The nurse is admitting a patient with increasing abdominal pain who is diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy. The patient begins to cry and asks the nurse to leave her alone to grieve. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
- A. Stay with the patient and encourage her to discuss her feelings.
- B. Explain the reason for taking vital signs every 15-30 minutes.
- C. Close the door to the patient's room and minimize disturbances.
- D. Provide teaching about options for termination of the pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Because the patient is at risk for rupture of the fallopian tube and hemorrhage, frequent monitoring of vital signs is needed. The patient has asked to be left alone, so staying with her and encouraging her to discuss her feelings are inappropriate actions. Minimizing contact with her and closing the door of the room is unsafe because of the risk for hemorrhage. Since the patient has requested time to grieve, it would be inappropriate to provide teaching about options for pregnancy termination.
The nurse is counselling a healthy perimenopausal woman who prefers not to use hormone therapy (HT). Which of the following treatment options should the nurse discuss with the patient? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Reduce coffee intake.
- B. Exercise several times a week.
- C. Take black cohosh supplements.
- D. Have a glass of wine in the evening.
- E. Increase intake of dietary soy products.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Reduction in caffeine intake, use of black cohosh, increasing dietary soy intake, and exercising three to four times weekly are recommended to reduce symptoms associated with menopause. Alcohol intake in the evening may increase the sleep problems associated with menopause.