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The nurse is teaching an older patient about the use of an incentive spirometer after surgery. Which of these age-related changes are appropriate for the nurse to consider when teaching older patients?
- A. Decreased sense of touch
- B. Increased conduction of sound
- C. Decreased cognitive function
- D. Decreased short-term memory
- E. Increased ability to concentrate
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Age-related changes in older adults that may affect learning include a decreased sense of touch, decreased cognitive function, and decreased short-term memory. Sound conduction and ability to concentrate are also decreased.
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A patient with a new prescription for a diuretic has just reviewed with the nurse how to include more potassium in her diet. This reflects learning in which domain?
- A. Cognitive
- B. Affective
- C. Physical
- D. Psychomotor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cognitive domain refers to problem-solving abilities and may involve recall and knowledge of facts. The affective domain refers to values and beliefs. The term physical does not refer to one of the learning domains. The psychomotor domain involves behaviors such as learning how to perform a procedure.
The nurse is setting up a teaching session with an 85-year-old patient who will be going home on anticoagulant therapy. Which educational strategy would reflect consideration of the age-related changes that may exist with this patient?
- A. Show a video about anticoagulation therapy.
- B. Present all the information in one session just before discharge.
- C. Give the patient pamphlets about the medications to read at home.
- D. Develop large-print handouts that reflect the verbal information presented.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Developing large-print handouts addresses altered perception in two ways. First, by using visual aids to reinforce verbal instructions, one addresses the possibility of decreased ability to hear high-frequency sounds. By developing the handouts in large print, one addresses the possibility of decreased visual acuity. Showing a video does not allow discussion of the information; furthermore, the text and print may be small and difficult to read and understand. Presenting all the information in one session before discharge also does not allow for discussion, and the patient may not be able to hear or see the information sufficiently. Because of the possibility of decreased short-term memory and slowed cognitive function, simply giving pamphlets to read without other teaching strategies may not be appropriate.
Which are appropriate considerations when the nurse is assessing the learning needs of a patient?
- A. Cultural background
- B. Family history
- C. Level of education
- D. Readiness to learn
- E. Health beliefs
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Family history is not a part of what the nurse considers when assessing learning needs. The other options are appropriate to consider when the nurse is assessing learning needs.
A 60-year-old patient is on several new medications and expresses worry that she will forget to take her pills. Which action by the nurse would be most helpful in this situation?
- A. Teaching effective coping strategies
- B. Asking the patient's prescriber to reduce the number of drugs prescribed
- C. Assuring the patient that she will not forget once she is accustomed to the routine
- D. Assisting the patient with obtaining and learning to use a calendar or pill container
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calendars, pill containers, or diaries may be helpful to patients who may forget to take prescribed drugs as scheduled. The nurse must ensure that the patient knows how to use these reminder tools. Teaching coping strategies is a helpful suggestion but will not help with remembering to take medications. Asking the prescriber to reduce the number of drugs that are prescribed is not an appropriate action by the nurse. Assuring the patient that she will not forget is false reassurance by the nurse and inappropriate when education is needed.
The nurse is reviewing the teaching plan for a clinic patient who was seen for a sinus infection. Which of these outcomes reflect the affective domain of learning?
- A. The patient will take the prescribed antibiotic for the full 14 days of the prescription.
- B. The patient will demonstrate correct nasal spray self-administration.
- C. The patient will list signs and symptoms that need to be reported immediately if they occur.
- D. The patient will list measures to take to reduce allergy triggers at home.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The affective domain is the most intangible component of the learning process. Affective behavior is conduct that expresses feelings, needs, beliefs, values, and opinions. Adhering to the prescribed medication regimen is an example of the affective domain. Demonstrating nasal spray self-administration reflects the psychomotor domain; listing signs and symptoms or measures to take both reflect the cognitive domain.