Nokea
The nurse is teaching nursing students about shock that occurs in children. What is one of the most frequent causes of hypovolemic shock in children?
- A. Sepsis
- B. Blood loss
- C. Anaphylaxis
- D. Congenital heart disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One of the most frequent causes of hypovolemic shock in children is blood loss. Children are at risk for blood loss due to trauma, surgical procedures, gastrointestinal bleeding, or other conditions that result in significant blood volume reduction. Blood loss leads to a decrease in circulating blood volume, which in turn reduces tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery to vital organs. This results in hypovolemic shock, where the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs, leading to organ dysfunction and potentially life-threatening complications. Therefore, recognizing and addressing blood loss promptly is essential in managing hypovolemic shock in children.
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The nurse is teaching the parent about the diet of a child experiencing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. "You will need to decrease the number of calories in your child's diet."
- B. "Your child's diet will need an increased amount of protein."
- C. "You will need to avoid adding salt to your child's food."
- D. "Your child's diet will consist of low-fat, low-carbohydrate foods."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should include in the teaching that the parent will need to avoid adding salt to the child's food. This is important because reducing salt intake helps to decrease fluid retention and swelling in the body, which is critical for managing edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Excessive salt intake can worsen edema by causing the body to retain more fluid, so it is crucial to limit salt in the child's diet. This dietary modification can help improve the child's condition and overall health outcome.
An infant experienced an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) and is being placed on home apnea monitoring. Parents have understood the instructions for use of a home apnea monitor when they state?
- A. "We can adjust the monitor to eliminate false alarms."
- B. "We should sleep in the same bed as our monitored infant."
- C. "We will check the monitor several times a day to be sure the alarm is working."
- D. "We will place the monitor in the crib with our infant."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement indicating understanding of the instructions for use of a home apnea monitor is "We will check the monitor several times a day to be sure the alarm is working." This is important because regular monitoring of the device's functioning ensures that it is able to detect any potential apnea episodes or abnormalities in the infant's breathing patterns. Checking the monitor several times a day helps in maintaining the safety and effectiveness of the monitor in alerting the parents to any potential issues with the infant's breathing. The other options are incorrect: A is incorrect because adjusting the monitor to eliminate false alarms can compromise its accuracy, B is incorrect as the infant should sleep in a separate safe sleep environment to reduce the risk of SIDS, and D is incorrect as the monitor should be placed near the infant's crib but not directly in it for safety reasons.
A client with ascites has a paracentesis, and 1500 ml of fluid is removed. Immediately following the procedure it is most important for the nurse to observe for:
- A. A rapid, thready pulse
- B. Decreased peristalsis .
- C. Respiratory congestion
- D. An increased in temperature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Following a paracentesis procedure where a large amount of ascitic fluid is removed, there is a risk of developing a fluid shift and a potential complication known as "paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction" (PICD). This may cause a sudden increase in central blood volume due to rapid re-distribution of fluid, leading to respiratory congestion, dyspnea, and hypoxemia. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to monitor the client closely for signs of respiratory distress or congestion immediately after the procedure to prevent any respiratory complications. A rapid, thready pulse (choice A) may indicate hypovolemia, but it is not the most important immediate concern in this case. Decreased peristalsis (choice B) and an increased temperature (choice D) are not typically associated with the immediate post-paracentesis period and are therefore lower priorities compared to monitoring for signs of respiratory congestion.
Persons with up to 70% prevalence of peculiar facial anatomy are considered risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea EXCEPT
- A. hypotonia
- B. developmental delay
- C. central adiposity
- D. hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypothyroidism is not a typical risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea.
The MOST common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children is
- A. obesity
- B. allergies
- C. adenotonsillar hypertrophy
- D. pharyngeal reactive edema due to gastroesophageal reflux
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the leading cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children.