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The nurse is teaching the client newly diagnosed with type 2 DM. Which information should the nurse emphasize in the session?
- A. Use the arm when self-administering insulin.
- B. Exercise for 30 minutes daily, preferably after a meal.
- C. Consume 30% of the daily calorie intake from protein foods.
- D. Eat a 30-gram carbohydrate snack prior to strenuous activity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exercise increases insulin receptor sites in the tissue and can have a direct effect on lowering blood glucose levels. Exercise contributes to weight loss, which also decreases insulin resistance.
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If the following foods are available, which one should the nurse recommend?
- A. Cheddar cheese
- B. Raw carrots
- C. Canned fruit
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cheddar cheese is high in sodium, which is beneficial for clients with Addison's disease to replace sodium loss.
The nurse at a freestanding health-care clinic is caring for a 56-year-old male client who is homeless and is a type 2 diabetic controlled with insulin. Which action is an example of client advocacy?
- A. Ask the client if he has somewhere he can go and live.
- B. Arrange for someone to give him insulin at a local homeless shelter.
- C. Notify Adult Protective Services about the client's situation.
- D. Ask the HCP to take the client off insulin because he is homeless.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Arranging insulin administration at a shelter ensures the client’s medical needs are met, advocating for his health. Housing questions, APS notification, and stopping insulin are less supportive.
Which client problem has priority for the client diagnosed with acute pancreatitis?
- A. Risk for fluid volume deficit.
- B. Alteration in comfort.
- C. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements.
- D. Knowledge deficit.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid volume deficit is the priority in acute pancreatitis due to vomiting and third-spacing, risking hypovolemia. Pain, nutrition, and knowledge are secondary.
The client diagnosed with diabetes complains of a curtain being drawn across the eyes. Which should the nurse implement first?
- A. Assess the eyes using an ophthalmoscope.
- B. Tell the client to keep the eyes closed.
- C. Notify the health-care provider (HCP).
- D. Call the Rapid Response Team (RRT).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A curtain-like vision loss suggests retinal detachment, a diabetic complication requiring urgent HCP notification. Ophthalmoscopy, closing eyes, or RRT are inappropriate first steps.
The nurse is providing teaching to multiple clients. Which client should the nurse determine would benefit if the following illustration were utilized when teaching?
- A. The client with hyperthyroidism
- B. The client with diabetes mellitus
- C. The client with Addison's disease
- D. The client with Cushing's syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clinical manifestations of Cushing's syndrome, such as moon face and fat pads, match the illustration.