Nokea
The nurse is teaching the client who is to undergo diagnostic testing for possible gastric cancer. Teaching the client about which specific diagnostic test would be most helpful?
- A. Bronchoscopy
- B. Sigmoid colonoscopy
- C. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
- D. Multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A. Bronchoscopy includes insertion of a bronchoscope to examine the lungs. B. Colonoscopy is used to inspect the large intestines. C. EGD is an invasive procedure in which a lighted instrument (scope) is lowered into the stomach and duodenum to examine gastric tissues and obtain biopsies for cancer cell analysis. Because it is the preferred test to diagnose gastric cancer, the nurse should teach the client about this test. D. A MUGA scan creates video images of the ventricles of the heart to evaluate their correct function in pumping blood. A person who is to receive chemotherapy for cancer treatment may have a MUGA scan completed to identify preexisting heart conditions.
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A child who is being treated for leukemia develops stomatitis. Which of the following nursing care measures is essential?
- A. Using dental floss to clean the teeth
- B. Frequent cleaning of the mouth with an astringent mouthwash
- C. Use of an overbed cradle
- D. Swabbing the mouth with moistened cotton swabs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Swabbing the mouth with moistened cotton swabs gently cleans the mouth without irritating stomatitis. Flossing or astringent mouthwash may worsen irritation, and an overbed cradle is unrelated.
Ferrous sulfate is prescribed for a client. She returns to the clinic in two weeks. Which assessment by the nurse indicates that she has NOT been taking iron as ordered?
- A. The client's cheeks are flushed.
- B. The client reports having more energy.
- C. The client complains of nausea.
- D. The client's stools are light brown.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iron turns stool black. Light brown stools indicate the client has not been taking iron as prescribed. Flushed cheeks, increased energy, and nausea can be associated with iron therapy compliance.
The nurse is caring for the client receiving combination chemotherapy of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin. The nurse should assess the client for which common side effects of this chemotherapy regimen?
- A. Neurotoxicities and diarrhea
- B. Cardiomyopathy and dysphagia
- C. Renal insufficiency and gastritis
- D. Photophobia and stomatitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Neurotoxicity and diarrhea occur frequently in clients receiving the medication regimen of oxaliplatin (Eloxatin), fluorouracil (5-FU), and leucovorin (Wellcovorin). B. Cardiomyopathy and dysphagia are not common side effects of these chemotherapy agents. C. Renal insufficiency and gastritis are not common side effects of these chemotherapy agents. D. Photophobia and stomatitis are not common side effects of these chemotherapy agents.
The client asks the nurse, 'They say I have cancer. How can they tell if I have Hodgkin's disease from a biopsy?' The nurse’s answer is based on which scientific rationale?
- A. Biopsies are nuclear medicine scans that can detect cancer.
- B. A biopsy is a laboratory test that detects cancer cells.
- C. It determines which kind of cancer the client has.
- D. The HCP takes a small piece out of the tumor and looks at the cells.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A biopsy identifies Hodgkin’s via Reed-Sternberg cells (C). It’s not a scan (A), not just a lab test (B), and involves microscopic cell analysis (D is partial but less precise).
Which of the following would be the best lunch for a client with folic acid deficiency anemia?
- A. Bologna sandwich and vegetable soup
- B. Grilled cheese sandwich and tomato soup
- C. Coleslaw and cream of mushroom soup
- D. Spinach salad and bean soup
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spinach and beans are rich in folate, making this lunch ideal for folic acid deficiency anemia.