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The nurse is watching a video that depicts a patient and therapist interacting. The patient is asked to say whatever comes to his mind. The nurse identifies this as which of the following?
- A. Dream work
- B. Free associations
- C. Gestalt therapy
- D. Classical conditioning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Free association, a technique where the patient verbalizes thoughts without censorship, is a core method in psychoanalytic therapy (Freud). Dream work is part of psychoanalytic analysis, Gestalt therapy focuses on present awareness, and classical conditioning involves learned responses.
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A patient is being discharged from the psychiatric unit this afternoon, and the nurse needs to teach the patient about discharge medications. The patient is exhibiting signs of moderate anxiety about the upcoming discharge. Based on Peplau?s views regarding anxiety, the nurse would expect to implement the teaching plan at which time?
- A. When his anxiety stabilizes at its current level
- B. When his anxiety decreases to a mild level
- C. When he is completely free of anxiety
- D. When his anxiety escalates to the panic level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peplau?s theory suggests that moderate anxiety impairs learning, while mild anxiety can enhance it. Teaching about discharge medications would be most effective when the patient?s anxiety decreases to a mild level, allowing better comprehension. Complete absence of anxiety is unrealistic, and panic level would hinder learning.
A psychiatric-mental health nurse is working on an inpatient unit that uses a privilege system. The nurse understands that this intervention integrates which group of theories?
- A. Behavioral
- B. Developmental
- C. Humanistic
- D. Cognitive
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A privilege system, where behaviors are reinforced with rewards, aligns with behavioral theories, particularly operant conditioning (e.g., Skinner?s work). Developmental theories focus on growth stages, humanistic theories emphasize personal growth, and cognitive theories address thought processes.
When describing the major concepts of Jean Watson?s theory to a group of nursing students, which of the following would the nurse expect to include? Select all that apply.
- A. Freedom
- B. Paradox
- C. Carative factors
- D. Rhythmicity
- E. Caritas field
- F. Mystery
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: Jean Watson?s caring theory emphasizes carative factors (therapeutic caring processes) and the caritas field (a caring environment fostering spiritual connection). Freedom, paradox, rhythmicity, and mystery are not core concepts in Watson?s theory, though they may relate to other nursing theories.
An instructor is preparing a class discussion on the various theoretical models used in psychiatric-mental health nursing. When describing cognitive theories, which statement would the instructor include?
- A. The theories attempt to explain the mental processes development and effects on behavior.
- B. The theories attempt to describe how people learn and act.
- C. The theories attempt to link internal thought processes with behavior.
- D. The theories attempt to explain normal human growth and development.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cognitive theories focus on how internal thought processes influence behavior, emphasizing perception, memory, and problem-solving. Linking thought processes to behavior is the most accurate description. Option A is vague, option B is too broad, and option D aligns with developmental theories.
The nurse is assessing a young adult and determines that the individual has achieved successful resolution of the previous stage of growth and development, evidenced by demonstrating which of the following?
- A. Drive and hope
- B. Direction and purpose
- C. Devotion and fidelity
- D. Production and care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Erikson?s psychosocial development theory, young adults (intimacy vs. isolation stage) build on the adolescent stage (identity vs. role confusion). Successful resolution of the adolescent stage results in devotion and fidelity, reflecting a strong sense of identity. Drive and hope, direction and purpose, and production and care relate to other stages.