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While working with an older male patient, the nurse begins to think that the patient reminds the nurse of her grandfather and responds as if she was the granddaughter. The nurse is developing which of the following?
- A. Empathy
- B. Transference
- C. Countertransference
- D. Modeling
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Countertransference occurs when the nurse projects personal feelings or experiences onto the patient, such as responding as if the patient were her grandfather. Transference is the patient?s projection onto the nurse, empathy is understanding the patient?s feelings, and modeling involves demonstrating behaviors.
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The nurse is assessing a young adult and determines that the individual has achieved successful resolution of the previous stage of growth and development, evidenced by demonstrating which of the following?
- A. Drive and hope
- B. Direction and purpose
- C. Devotion and fidelity
- D. Production and care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Erikson?s psychosocial development theory, young adults (intimacy vs. isolation stage) build on the adolescent stage (identity vs. role confusion). Successful resolution of the adolescent stage results in devotion and fidelity, reflecting a strong sense of identity. Drive and hope, direction and purpose, and production and care relate to other stages.
A nursing instructor is integrating Piaget?s theory of cognitive development into the discussion of learning and mental health issues affecting adolescents. The instructor would identify this age group as in which stage?
- A. Concrete operations
- B. Preoperational
- C. Formal operations
- D. Sensorimotor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Piaget?s theory identifies adolescents (roughly ages 12 and up) as being in the formal operations stage, characterized by abstract thinking and problem-solving. Concrete operations apply to younger children, preoperational to preschoolers, and sensorimotor to infants.
The nurse is watching a video that depicts a patient and therapist interacting. The patient is asked to say whatever comes to his mind. The nurse identifies this as which of the following?
- A. Dream work
- B. Free associations
- C. Gestalt therapy
- D. Classical conditioning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Free association, a technique where the patient verbalizes thoughts without censorship, is a core method in psychoanalytic therapy (Freud). Dream work is part of psychoanalytic analysis, Gestalt therapy focuses on present awareness, and classical conditioning involves learned responses.
A patient is being discharged from the psychiatric unit this afternoon, and the nurse needs to teach the patient about discharge medications. The patient is exhibiting signs of moderate anxiety about the upcoming discharge. Based on Peplau?s views regarding anxiety, the nurse would expect to implement the teaching plan at which time?
- A. When his anxiety stabilizes at its current level
- B. When his anxiety decreases to a mild level
- C. When he is completely free of anxiety
- D. When his anxiety escalates to the panic level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peplau?s theory suggests that moderate anxiety impairs learning, while mild anxiety can enhance it. Teaching about discharge medications would be most effective when the patient?s anxiety decreases to a mild level, allowing better comprehension. Complete absence of anxiety is unrealistic, and panic level would hinder learning.
A nurse is demonstrating behaviors that the treatment team is attempting to get the patient to develop. The nurse is integrating which theory?
- A. Erikson?s model of psychosocial development
- B. Albert Bandura?s social cognitive theory
- C. Skinner?s operant conditioning
- D. Freud?s psychoanalytic model
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albert Bandura?s social cognitive theory emphasizes learning through observation and modeling. The nurse demonstrating desired behaviors for the patient to emulate aligns with this theory. Erikson focuses on developmental stages, Skinner on reinforcement, and Freud on unconscious drives.