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A nurse is developing a plan of care integrating Maslow?s hierarchy of needs. Which of the following would the nurse identify as the priority?
- A. Activity level
- B. Predictable social environment
- C. Acceptance from family
- D. Positive self-image
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maslow?s hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs, followed by safety needs, which include a predictable social environment for stability and security. Activity level (physiological), acceptance from family (love/belonging), and positive self-image (esteem) are higher-level needs addressed after safety.
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The nurse is assessing a young adult and determines that the individual has achieved successful resolution of the previous stage of growth and development, evidenced by demonstrating which of the following?
- A. Drive and hope
- B. Direction and purpose
- C. Devotion and fidelity
- D. Production and care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Erikson?s psychosocial development theory, young adults (intimacy vs. isolation stage) build on the adolescent stage (identity vs. role confusion). Successful resolution of the adolescent stage results in devotion and fidelity, reflecting a strong sense of identity. Drive and hope, direction and purpose, and production and care relate to other stages.
When describing the influence of Harry Stack Sullivan on psychiatric-mental health nursing, which of the following would the instructor address as a major concept?
- A. Interpersonal relations
- B. Harmony between the individual and society
- C. Collective unconscious
- D. Unconditional positive regard
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Harry Stack Sullivan emphasized interpersonal relations as the foundation of personality development and mental health. His theory focuses on how interactions with others shape behavior and mental well-being. Harmony is a broader concept, the collective unconscious is Jung?s theory, and unconditional positive regard is associated with Carl Rogers.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the various nursing theorists and their application to psychiatric-mental health nursing. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which theorist as responsible for developing the theory of cultural care diversity and universality?
- A. Madeleine Leininger
- B. Sister Calista Roy
- C. Hildegard Peplau
- D. Dorothea Orem
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Madeleine Leininger developed the theory of cultural care diversity and universality, emphasizing culturally congruent care. Roy developed the adaptation model, Peplau focused on interpersonal relations, and Orem created the self-care deficit theory.
An instructor is preparing a class discussion on the various theoretical models used in psychiatric-mental health nursing. When describing cognitive theories, which statement would the instructor include?
- A. The theories attempt to explain the mental processes development and effects on behavior.
- B. The theories attempt to describe how people learn and act.
- C. The theories attempt to link internal thought processes with behavior.
- D. The theories attempt to explain normal human growth and development.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cognitive theories focus on how internal thought processes influence behavior, emphasizing perception, memory, and problem-solving. Linking thought processes to behavior is the most accurate description. Option A is vague, option B is too broad, and option D aligns with developmental theories.
The nurse is assessing a patient with anxiety and observes the patient yelling and screaming. The nurse, integrating Peplau?s theory, interprets this behavior as which of the following?
- A. Panic behaviors
- B. Relief behaviors
- C. Empathetic linkage
- D. Social distance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Peplau?s theory describes anxiety levels, with panic behaviors (e.g., yelling and screaming) occurring at severe or panic levels, indicating overwhelming distress. Relief behaviors reduce anxiety, empathetic linkage involves shared emotions, and social distance is not a Peplau concept.