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A group of nursing students are reviewing information about psychodynamic theories. The students demonstrate a need for additional study when they identify which of the following as a humanistic theorist?
- A. Carl Jung
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Frederick Perls
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carl Rogers is a humanistic theorist, emphasizing client-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard. Identifying him as a psychodynamic theorist indicates a misunderstanding, as psychodynamic theorists like Carl Jung focus on the unconscious. Maslow and Perls are also humanistic, reinforcing the need for study.
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A psychiatric-mental health nurse is integrating Carl Rogers? theory into the plan of care for a patient with a mental illness. The nurse incorporates understanding of this theory by acknowledging that the therapist accomplishes which of the following?
- A. Provide validation of the terminology used during the session.
- B. Focus on the client?s instinctual drives.
- C. Recognize an understanding of the client?s basic needs.
- D. Develop unconditional positive regard for the client.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carl Rogers? humanistic theory emphasizes unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness to foster client growth. This involves accepting the client without judgment. Validation of terminology is not a core concept, instinctual drives are Freudian, and basic needs align more with Maslow.
When describing the major concepts of Jean Watson?s theory to a group of nursing students, which of the following would the nurse expect to include? Select all that apply.
- A. Freedom
- B. Paradox
- C. Carative factors
- D. Rhythmicity
- E. Caritas field
- F. Mystery
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: Jean Watson?s caring theory emphasizes carative factors (therapeutic caring processes) and the caritas field (a caring environment fostering spiritual connection). Freedom, paradox, rhythmicity, and mystery are not core concepts in Watson?s theory, though they may relate to other nursing theories.
An instructor is preparing a class discussion on the various theoretical models used in psychiatric-mental health nursing. When describing cognitive theories, which statement would the instructor include?
- A. The theories attempt to explain the mental processes development and effects on behavior.
- B. The theories attempt to describe how people learn and act.
- C. The theories attempt to link internal thought processes with behavior.
- D. The theories attempt to explain normal human growth and development.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cognitive theories focus on how internal thought processes influence behavior, emphasizing perception, memory, and problem-solving. Linking thought processes to behavior is the most accurate description. Option A is vague, option B is too broad, and option D aligns with developmental theories.
A nursing student is to provide a class presentation about interpersonal and psychoanalytic theories. As part of this presentation, the student is planning to address the major way these two categories differ. Which of the following would the student include as key to interpersonal theories?
- A. Human relationships
- B. Instincts
- C. Drives
- D. Potential for goodness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Interpersonal theories, like those of Sullivan and Peplau, emphasize human relationships and social interactions as central to mental health. Psychoanalytic theories, like Freud?s, focus on instincts and drives. The potential for goodness is more aligned with humanistic theories.
A nurse is applying King?s model to a nurse-patient interaction by identifying the outcome as which of the following?
- A. Transaction
- B. Adaptation
- C. Transpersonal caring
- D. Self-system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Imogene King?s goal attainment theory focuses on transactions, which are purposeful interactions between nurse and patient to achieve mutually set goals. Adaptation is Roy?s model, transpersonal caring is Watson?s, and self-system is part of Orem?s theory.