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A patient is being discharged from the psychiatric unit this afternoon, and the nurse needs to teach the patient about discharge medications. The patient is exhibiting signs of moderate anxiety about the upcoming discharge. Based on Peplau?s views regarding anxiety, the nurse would expect to implement the teaching plan at which time?
- A. When his anxiety stabilizes at its current level
- B. When his anxiety decreases to a mild level
- C. When he is completely free of anxiety
- D. When his anxiety escalates to the panic level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peplau?s theory suggests that moderate anxiety impairs learning, while mild anxiety can enhance it. Teaching about discharge medications would be most effective when the patient?s anxiety decreases to a mild level, allowing better comprehension. Complete absence of anxiety is unrealistic, and panic level would hinder learning.
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The nurse is watching a video that depicts a patient and therapist interacting. The patient is asked to say whatever comes to his mind. The nurse identifies this as which of the following?
- A. Dream work
- B. Free associations
- C. Gestalt therapy
- D. Classical conditioning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Free association, a technique where the patient verbalizes thoughts without censorship, is a core method in psychoanalytic therapy (Freud). Dream work is part of psychoanalytic analysis, Gestalt therapy focuses on present awareness, and classical conditioning involves learned responses.
When describing the influence of Harry Stack Sullivan on psychiatric-mental health nursing, which of the following would the instructor address as a major concept?
- A. Interpersonal relations
- B. Harmony between the individual and society
- C. Collective unconscious
- D. Unconditional positive regard
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Harry Stack Sullivan emphasized interpersonal relations as the foundation of personality development and mental health. His theory focuses on how interactions with others shape behavior and mental well-being. Harmony is a broader concept, the collective unconscious is Jung?s theory, and unconditional positive regard is associated with Carl Rogers.
When integrating the Neuman systems model while caring for a patient with a mood disorder, the nurse would focus on which of the following about the patient?
- A. Behaviors
- B. Relationships
- C. Self-care activities
- D. Stressors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Neuman systems model views the patient as a system affected by stressors. Nurses focus on identifying and managing stressors to maintain system stability. Behaviors, relationships, and self-care are secondary to addressing stressors in this model.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about Freud?s personality structure. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify the ability to form mutually satisfying relationships as a function of which of the following?
- A. Defense mechanisms
- B. Unconscious
- C. Id
- D. Ego
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Freud?s personality structure includes the id, ego, and superego. The ego mediates between the id?s impulses and the superego?s moral standards, enabling reality-based functions like forming mutually satisfying relationships. Defense mechanisms protect the ego, the unconscious is a repository of repressed thoughts, and the id drives instinctual desires, none of which directly facilitate relationships.
A nurse is developing a plan of care integrating Maslow?s hierarchy of needs. Which of the following would the nurse identify as the priority?
- A. Activity level
- B. Predictable social environment
- C. Acceptance from family
- D. Positive self-image
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maslow?s hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs, followed by safety needs, which include a predictable social environment for stability and security. Activity level (physiological), acceptance from family (love/belonging), and positive self-image (esteem) are higher-level needs addressed after safety.