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A nursing student is to provide a class presentation about interpersonal and psychoanalytic theories. As part of this presentation, the student is planning to address the major way these two categories differ. Which of the following would the student include as key to interpersonal theories?
- A. Human relationships
- B. Instincts
- C. Drives
- D. Potential for goodness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Interpersonal theories, like those of Sullivan and Peplau, emphasize human relationships and social interactions as central to mental health. Psychoanalytic theories, like Freud?s, focus on instincts and drives. The potential for goodness is more aligned with humanistic theories.
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The nurse is integrating Peplau?s model when providing care to a patient with a mental illness. Which of the following would the nurse identify as a key component?
- A. Suffering
- B. Anxiety
- C. Self-care
- D. Nonverbal behaviors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau?s interpersonal model identifies anxiety as a key component, as it drives patient behavior and influences the nurse-patient relationship. The model focuses on therapeutic interactions to address anxiety. Suffering is less specific, self-care aligns with Orem, and nonverbal behaviors are secondary.
When describing the influence of Harry Stack Sullivan on psychiatric-mental health nursing, which of the following would the instructor address as a major concept?
- A. Interpersonal relations
- B. Harmony between the individual and society
- C. Collective unconscious
- D. Unconditional positive regard
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Harry Stack Sullivan emphasized interpersonal relations as the foundation of personality development and mental health. His theory focuses on how interactions with others shape behavior and mental well-being. Harmony is a broader concept, the collective unconscious is Jung?s theory, and unconditional positive regard is associated with Carl Rogers.
An instructor is preparing a class discussion on the various theoretical models used in psychiatric-mental health nursing. When describing cognitive theories, which statement would the instructor include?
- A. The theories attempt to explain the mental processes development and effects on behavior.
- B. The theories attempt to describe how people learn and act.
- C. The theories attempt to link internal thought processes with behavior.
- D. The theories attempt to explain normal human growth and development.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cognitive theories focus on how internal thought processes influence behavior, emphasizing perception, memory, and problem-solving. Linking thought processes to behavior is the most accurate description. Option A is vague, option B is too broad, and option D aligns with developmental theories.
A nurse is developing a plan of care integrating Maslow?s hierarchy of needs. Which of the following would the nurse identify as the priority?
- A. Activity level
- B. Predictable social environment
- C. Acceptance from family
- D. Positive self-image
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maslow?s hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs, followed by safety needs, which include a predictable social environment for stability and security. Activity level (physiological), acceptance from family (love/belonging), and positive self-image (esteem) are higher-level needs addressed after safety.
The nurse is assessing a young adult and determines that the individual has achieved successful resolution of the previous stage of growth and development, evidenced by demonstrating which of the following?
- A. Drive and hope
- B. Direction and purpose
- C. Devotion and fidelity
- D. Production and care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Erikson?s psychosocial development theory, young adults (intimacy vs. isolation stage) build on the adolescent stage (identity vs. role confusion). Successful resolution of the adolescent stage results in devotion and fidelity, reflecting a strong sense of identity. Drive and hope, direction and purpose, and production and care relate to other stages.