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A group of nursing students are reviewing the various theories that form the basis for psychiatric-mental health nursing. The students demonstrate understanding of these theories when they identify which theorist as addressing female development? Select all that apply.
- A. Maslow
- B. Gilligan
- C. Bandura
- D. Miller
- E. Thorndike
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Carol Gilligan and Jean Baker Miller addressed female development. Gilligan focused on women?s moral development, emphasizing care-based ethics, while Miller?s relational-cultural theory highlighted women?s relational growth. Maslow focused on human needs, Bandura on social learning, and Thorndike on behaviorism.
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A nurse is demonstrating behaviors that the treatment team is attempting to get the patient to develop. The nurse is integrating which theory?
- A. Erikson?s model of psychosocial development
- B. Albert Bandura?s social cognitive theory
- C. Skinner?s operant conditioning
- D. Freud?s psychoanalytic model
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albert Bandura?s social cognitive theory emphasizes learning through observation and modeling. The nurse demonstrating desired behaviors for the patient to emulate aligns with this theory. Erikson focuses on developmental stages, Skinner on reinforcement, and Freud on unconscious drives.
The nurse is assessing a young adult and determines that the individual has achieved successful resolution of the previous stage of growth and development, evidenced by demonstrating which of the following?
- A. Drive and hope
- B. Direction and purpose
- C. Devotion and fidelity
- D. Production and care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Erikson?s psychosocial development theory, young adults (intimacy vs. isolation stage) build on the adolescent stage (identity vs. role confusion). Successful resolution of the adolescent stage results in devotion and fidelity, reflecting a strong sense of identity. Drive and hope, direction and purpose, and production and care relate to other stages.
A psychiatric-mental health nurse is integrating Carl Rogers? theory into the plan of care for a patient with a mental illness. The nurse incorporates understanding of this theory by acknowledging that the therapist accomplishes which of the following?
- A. Provide validation of the terminology used during the session.
- B. Focus on the client?s instinctual drives.
- C. Recognize an understanding of the client?s basic needs.
- D. Develop unconditional positive regard for the client.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carl Rogers? humanistic theory emphasizes unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness to foster client growth. This involves accepting the client without judgment. Validation of terminology is not a core concept, instinctual drives are Freudian, and basic needs align more with Maslow.
When integrating the Neuman systems model while caring for a patient with a mood disorder, the nurse would focus on which of the following about the patient?
- A. Behaviors
- B. Relationships
- C. Self-care activities
- D. Stressors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Neuman systems model views the patient as a system affected by stressors. Nurses focus on identifying and managing stressors to maintain system stability. Behaviors, relationships, and self-care are secondary to addressing stressors in this model.
A psychiatric-mental health nurse is working on an inpatient unit that uses a privilege system. The nurse understands that this intervention integrates which group of theories?
- A. Behavioral
- B. Developmental
- C. Humanistic
- D. Cognitive
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A privilege system, where behaviors are reinforced with rewards, aligns with behavioral theories, particularly operant conditioning (e.g., Skinner?s work). Developmental theories focus on growth stages, humanistic theories emphasize personal growth, and cognitive theories address thought processes.