Nokea
Which of the following statements relating to lactation is incorrect.
- A. plasma prolactin releasing factor stimulates the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary.
- B. mechanical stimulation and neural inputs stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete prolactin releasing factor and oxytocin.
- C. plasma oxytocin stimulates the contraction of breast glands causing milk ejection.
- D. progesterone helps prepare the mammary glands for lactation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because mechanical stimulation and neural inputs do not directly stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete prolactin releasing factor and oxytocin. The release of prolactin is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus through the release of prolactin inhibitory hormone (dopamine) and prolactin releasing hormone. Oxytocin release is controlled by the hypothalamus in response to suckling. Choices A, C, and D are all correct statements about lactation. Plasma prolactin releasing factor (prolactin releasing hormone) does stimulate the release of prolactin, plasma oxytocin does stimulate milk ejection, and progesterone does prepare the mammary glands for lactation.
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Which blood vessel in the fetus has the highest Po2?
- A. Ductus arteriosus
- B. Ductus venosus
- C. Ascending aorta
- D. Left atrium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ductus venosus. The ductus venosus carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver. This blood has the highest Po2 among the choices because it is coming directly from the placenta, where oxygen exchange occurs. The other choices (A, C, D) carry deoxygenated blood or blood with lower oxygen content in the fetal circulation. The ductus arteriosus shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, so it carries deoxygenated blood. The ascending aorta and left atrium receive mixed oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, not the highest Po2.
The testicle secrets the following hormones:
- A. androgenic;
- B. progesterone;
- C. testosterone;
- D. progesterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: The testicles are primarily responsible for producing male sex hormones.
Step 2: Testosterone is the main male sex hormone secreted by the testes.
Step 3: Testosterone is an androgenic hormone responsible for male characteristics.
Step 4: Progesterone is a female sex hormone, not primarily secreted by the testicles.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is C (testosterone).
What is not a true statement concerning the vagina?
- A. The vagina serves as the birth canal.
- B. The distal end of the vagina is partially enclosed by the hymen.
- C. The vagina is the female organ of copulation.
- D. The innermost lining of the vagina sloughs off periodically.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the innermost lining of the vagina does not slough off periodically like the uterine lining does during menstruation. The vaginal lining is composed of stratified squamous epithelium that does not undergo the shedding process seen in the endometrium. This is important for maintaining the integrity and functionality of the vagina. Choices A, B, and C are true statements about the vagina. A: The vagina serves as the birth canal. B: The distal end of the vagina is partially enclosed by the hymen. C: The vagina is the female organ of copulation.
What is the purpose of spermiogenesis?
- A. The stem cell line is built through the process of spermiogenesis.
- B. Spermiogenesis produces type A cells from each spermatogonium.
- C. Spermatids are streamlined to form sperm via spermiogenesis.
- D. Spermiogenesis results in the production of two sperm from one primary spermatocyt
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Spermatids are streamlined to form sperm via spermiogenesis. Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis where round spermatids mature into spermatozoa. During spermiogenesis, the spermatids undergo significant structural changes, including the formation of the acrosome, tail, and mitochondria, to become fully functional sperm cells. Choices A and B are incorrect because spermiogenesis does not involve building the stem cell line or producing type A cells. Choice D is incorrect because spermiogenesis does not result in the production of two sperm from one primary spermatocyte; rather, it is the process by which spermatids are transformed into mature sperm cells.
Why should a nurse educate women to have regular gynecologic examinations and Pap tests?
- A. It helps decide the mode of surgical treatment.
- B. It is the best cure for most infections.
- C. It increases the potential for an early diagnosis.
- D. It is an inexpensive test.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Regular screenings increase the likelihood of early detection and treatment of conditions like cervical cancer.