Nokea
When do progesterone levels rise to their highest point during the female hormonal cycle?
- A. Between ovulation and the beginning of menstruation
- B. Immediately before ovulation
- C. When the blood concentration of luteinizing hormone is at its highest point
- D. When 12 primary follicles are developing to the antral stage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Progesterone levels rise to their highest point between ovulation and the beginning of menstruation because this is the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle when the corpus luteum (formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation) secretes progesterone. This hormone prepares the endometrium for implantation and maintains a potential pregnancy.
Explanation for other choices:
- B: Immediately before ovulation, estrogen levels are high, not progesterone.
- C: Luteinizing hormone surge triggers ovulation, not directly related to progesterone rise.
- D: The development of primary follicles is associated with estrogen, not progesterone.
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Following a discussion about impending chemotherapy, Mrs. Morris says: 'I need to buy a wig.' From her comment you know Mrs. Morris understands one of the side effects of chemotherapy is
- A. hirsutism
- B. alopecia
- C. tinnea capitus
- D. folliculitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alopecia, or hair loss, is a common side effect of chemotherapy.
Why is milk produced only after delivery, not before?
- A. Levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are too low during pregnancy to support milk production
- B. High levels of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy suppress milk production
- C. The alveolar cells of the breast do not reach maturity until after delivery
- D. High levels of oxytocin are required for milk production to begin, and oxytocin is not secreted until the baby stimulates the nipple
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - High levels of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy suppress milk production.
Rationale:
1. Progesterone and estrogen levels are high during pregnancy to maintain the uterine lining and support fetal development.
2. These hormones inhibit the action of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production.
3. As a result, the mammary glands are prevented from producing milk until after delivery when progesterone and estrogen levels drop.
4. Once these hormone levels decrease, prolactin can initiate milk production in response to the baby's demand for feeding.
Summary of other choices:
A: Levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone do not directly impact milk production during pregnancy.
C: Alveolar cells of the breast may have some developmental changes during pregnancy, but it is not the primary reason for milk production post-delivery.
D: Oxytocin is involved in milk ejection, not milk production, and its release is
The nurse is assessing a client for reproductive health problems. What would be the priority assessments? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Bleeding
- B. Pain
- C. Sexual orientation
- D. Masses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bleeding. Bleeding is a priority assessment because it can indicate serious reproductive health issues such as ectopic pregnancy or cervical cancer. Pain and masses are important assessments, but bleeding takes precedence due to its potential urgency. Sexual orientation is not a priority assessment for reproductive health problems as it does not directly impact the client's immediate physical health.
Which of the following portions of the placenta secretes HCG?
- A. Syncytiotrophoblast
- B. Cytotrophoblast
- C. Endometrium
- D. Chorion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Syncytiotrophoblast. This layer of the placenta secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a hormone crucial for maintaining pregnancy by supporting the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. Syncytiotrophoblast is a multinucleated layer formed from the fusion of cytotrophoblast cells and is responsible for hormone secretion.
B: Cytotrophoblast is the inner layer of the trophoblast but does not secrete HCG.
C: Endometrium is the lining of the uterus and is not part of the placenta.
D: Chorion is a membrane that contributes to the formation of the placenta but does not secrete HCG.
What is not a true statement concerning the vagina?
- A. The vagina serves as the birth canal.
- B. The distal end of the vagina is partially enclosed by the hymen.
- C. The vagina is the female organ of copulation.
- D. The innermost lining of the vagina sloughs off periodically.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the innermost lining of the vagina does not slough off periodically like the uterine lining does during menstruation. The vaginal lining is composed of stratified squamous epithelium that does not undergo the shedding process seen in the endometrium. This is important for maintaining the integrity and functionality of the vagina. Choices A, B, and C are true statements about the vagina. A: The vagina serves as the birth canal. B: The distal end of the vagina is partially enclosed by the hymen. C: The vagina is the female organ of copulation.