Nokea
Which of the following is a fungal disease of the reproductive system?
- A. Syphilis
- B. Gonorrhea
- C. Candidiasis
- D. Genital Herpes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Candidiasis. Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by the Candida fungus, commonly affecting the reproductive system. It can cause symptoms like itching, burning, and abnormal discharge.
A: Syphilis is a bacterial infection transmitted through sexual contact.
B: Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection affecting the reproductive system.
D: Genital Herpes is a viral infection that affects the genital area.
In summary, Candidiasis is the only fungal disease listed, making it the correct choice for a fungal infection of the reproductive system.
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The nurse documents which finding as expected on inspection of the anus?
- A. Skin tone darker and coarser than that of the surrounding skin
- B. Sphincter lightly closed when the patient is relaxed
- C. Large amount of stiff, curling hair surrounding the anus
- D. Slight protrusion under the skin when the patient strains or bears down
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the normal skin tone of the anus is typically slightly darker and coarser than the surrounding skin due to increased melanin concentration. This is a result of the natural pigmentation of the area.
Choice B is incorrect because the sphincter should be relaxed during inspection, not lightly closed. Choice C is incorrect as a large amount of stiff, curling hair surrounding the anus is not an expected finding. Choice D is incorrect as a slight protrusion under the skin when the patient strains or bears down could indicate hemorrhoids, which are not considered normal.
The convoluted seminiferous tubules:
- A. are located in the lobules of the male gonad;
- B. continue with the deferent duct;
- C. there are three tubules for each testicular lobule;
- D. continue with the straight tubules;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the convoluted seminiferous tubules are indeed located in the lobules of the male gonad, which is the testis. These tubules are where spermatogenesis occurs, the process of sperm production. Option B is incorrect as the convoluted tubules do not continue with the deferent duct, but they connect to the straight tubules. Option C is incorrect because there are numerous convoluted seminiferous tubules within each testicular lobule, not just three. Option D is incorrect as the convoluted tubules do not continue with the straight tubules directly; they lead to the rete testis before connecting to the straight tubules.
Which of the following statements about peptide or protein hormones is usually true?
- A. They have longer half-lives than steroid hormones
- B. They have receptors on the cell membrane
- C. They have a slower onset of action than both steroid and thyroid hormones
- D. They are not stored in endocrine-producing glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Peptide or protein hormones have receptors on the cell membrane. These hormones are typically large molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane, so they bind to receptors on the cell surface to initiate signal transduction pathways. This allows them to quickly and effectively communicate with target cells.
A: They do not have longer half-lives than steroid hormones. Peptide hormones are usually rapidly degraded compared to steroid hormones.
C: They do not have a slower onset of action than steroid and thyroid hormones. Peptide hormones can have rapid onset of action due to their signaling pathways.
D: They can be stored in endocrine-producing glands, such as insulin being stored in pancreatic beta cells.
Twins resulting from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cell are called:
- A. Paternal twins
- B. Maternal twins
- C. Fraternal twins
- D. Identical twins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fraternal twins. Fraternal twins result from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells, leading to siblings who share 50% of their genetic material. This is different from identical twins (choice D), which result from the fertilization of a single egg by a single sperm cell, leading to siblings who share 100% of their genetic material. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the process of fraternal twinning. Paternal twins (choice A) and maternal twins (choice B) are not commonly used terms in genetics to describe types of twinning.
When are HCG levels the highest?
- A. before pregnancy
- B. first days of gestation
- C. second month of pregnancy
- D. end of pregnancy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: second month of pregnancy. During the second month of pregnancy, HCG levels typically peak and reach their highest levels. This is because HCG is produced by the placenta, which develops and grows rapidly during this stage of pregnancy. Higher HCG levels during this time help support the developing fetus and maintain the pregnancy.
A: before pregnancy - HCG levels are not present before pregnancy.
B: first days of gestation - HCG levels are detectable shortly after implantation, but they continue to rise and peak in the second month.
D: end of pregnancy - HCG levels typically decrease towards the end of pregnancy as the placenta matures and other hormones take over to support the pregnancy.