Nokea
The nurse managers of an organization are meeting with administration to plan the budget. The above graph shows last year's 2011 expenditures, and the team will trend the upcoming budget knowing that, with the slowdown in the economy, patient census will be lower. Which budget approach is being used?
- A. Incremental
- B. Zero-based
- C. Productivity metrics
- D. Capital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Zero-based. Zero-based budgeting requires starting from scratch each budget cycle, meaning all expenses must be justified regardless of previous budgets. In this scenario, the nurse managers are planning for a budget based on the expectation of lower patient census due to the economic slowdown. This aligns with the zero-based approach as they will need to re-evaluate and justify all expenses to accommodate the changes in patient volume.
A: Incremental budgeting involves making adjustments to the previous budget, which is not suitable for significant changes like a decrease in patient census.
C: Productivity metrics focus on measuring efficiency and performance, rather than the budgeting approach.
D: Capital budgeting is related to long-term investments in assets, which is not the primary focus in this scenario.
You may also like to solve these questions
During a health history interview, the nurse listens to a patient relating the precipitating events that led to the onset of chest pain. She focuses her attention on the patient, makes eye contact, and acknowledges what the patient has to say. The nurse is exhibiting:
- A. assertive communication.
- B. active listening.
- C. empathy.
- D. passive communication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: active listening. Active listening involves fully focusing on the speaker, making eye contact, acknowledging what they are saying, and showing genuine interest in their words. In this scenario, the nurse is attentively listening to the patient's account of the events leading to chest pain, demonstrating active listening skills by being present in the moment and engaging with the patient's narrative.
A: Assertive communication involves expressing one's thoughts and feelings clearly and respectfully. This choice is incorrect because the nurse is not actively expressing her thoughts or feelings in this situation.
C: Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of another. While empathy is important in nursing care, the nurse in this scenario is primarily engaged in listening rather than specifically expressing empathy.
D: Passive communication is characterized by a lack of assertiveness and active engagement in the conversation. This choice is incorrect because the nurse is actively listening and engaging with the patient's narrative.
Charles Dickens' character Sairy Gamp:
- A. portrayed nurses as trained professional individuals who put others before themselves.
- B. chose nursing because she had no other avenue for employment.
- C. was a prostitute who took advantage of sick old men.
- D. characterized nurses as being at the forefront of technology and autonomy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in Charles Dickens' novel, "Martin Chuzzlewit," Sairy Gamp is depicted as a character who chose nursing as a means of employment due to her lack of other opportunities. This is evident through her portrayal as a self-serving and unprofessional individual, focusing more on her own comfort and benefits rather than the well-being of her patients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the actual portrayal of Sairy Gamp in the novel, who is not depicted as a trained professional, a prostitute, or a forward-thinking nurse.
During the relief response phase of a disaster resulting from a "dirty bomb":
- A. treatment for burns and poisoning is provided for victims.
- B. emergency plans are coordinated between agencies.
- C. reconstruction of destroyed facilities and homes begins.
- D. food stores are collected for potential victims.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because during the relief response phase of a "dirty bomb" disaster, victims are likely to suffer from burns and poisoning due to radiation exposure. Providing treatment for burns and poisoning is crucial to saving lives and preventing further health complications.
Choice B is incorrect because emergency plans coordination typically occurs during the preparedness phase, not the relief response phase. Choice C is incorrect as reconstruction usually takes place in the recovery phase, which follows the relief response phase. Choice D is incorrect as collecting food stores is more related to preparedness or immediate response, not specifically during the relief response phase.
A nurse gives Dilantin intravenously with lactated Ringer's solution containing multivitamins. The drug precipitates and obstructs the only existing line. When the team leader informs the nurse that these drugs cannot be mixed, the nurse states, "Everyone just pushes the medicine slowly. No one checks for compatibility. There isn't even a compatibility chart on the unit." Which type of logical fallacy has influenced the nurse?
- A. Ad hominem abusive
- B. Appeal to common practice
- C. Appeal to emotion
- D. Appeal to tradition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Appeal to common practice. The nurse's argument that "everyone just pushes the medicine slowly" and that "no one checks for compatibility" is based on the common practice in the unit rather than on scientific evidence or guidelines. This logical fallacy assumes that just because something is commonly done, it must be correct. In this case, the nurse is disregarding the importance of checking drug compatibility and following proper protocols.
Incorrect choices:
A: Ad hominem abusive - This choice involves attacking the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself, which is not evident in the scenario.
C: Appeal to emotion - This choice would involve using emotions to manipulate the audience rather than relying on logic or evidence, which is not the case in the scenario.
D: Appeal to tradition - This choice would involve arguing that something is right or good because it has been done that way for a long time, which is not explicitly stated in the scenario.
The surgical team arrives in the operating room and one member states, "Everyone stop. Let's identify the patient and operative site. Now does anyone have any questions or concerns?" This process is known as:
- A. time-out.
- B. a critical pathway.
- C. special cause variation.
- D. lean methodology.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: time-out. A time-out is a crucial pre-operative safety practice where the surgical team pauses to verify the patient's identity, procedure, and surgical site to prevent errors. This step ensures everyone is on the same page and reduces the risk of wrong-site surgeries.
Explanation:
1. Identify patient and operative site: By verifying the patient's identity and the correct surgical site, the team prevents potential mistakes.
2. Address questions or concerns: Encouraging team members to voice any uncertainties or issues promotes open communication and collaboration.
3. Safety measure: The time-out is a key component of the World Health Organization's Surgical Safety Checklist to enhance patient safety.
Summary:
B: A critical pathway is a predetermined sequence of steps in patient care, not specific to surgical safety.
C: Special cause variation refers to statistical process control, unrelated to surgical safety.
D: Lean methodology focuses on efficiency and waste reduction in processes, not directly related to pre-operative safety checks like a time