Nokea
The nurse notes during an annual health screening for the 78-year-old client that the client is 1.5 inches shorter than at last year's visit. Which initial screening might the nurse best anticipate for this client?
- A. Bone mineral density (BMD) test
- B. An x-ray of both hips and spine
- C. A bone scan of the hips and spine
- D. A physical check for scoliosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. BMD testing will best determine if the loss of height is due to osteoporosis, a common finding with aging.
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Which information is most appropriate to teach the client before the arthroscopy procedure?
- A. Signs and symptoms of arthritis
- B. Technique for using crutches
- C. Adverse effects of drug therapy
- D. The need to balance rest and exercise
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crutch use is critical post-arthroscopy for safe ambulation.
The nurse correctly instructs the client to avoid which type of fluid?
- A. Milk
- B. Alcohol
- C. Cranberry juice
- D. Carbonated drinks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol, especially beer, increases uric acid production and reduces its excretion, worsening gout. Milk, cranberry juice, and carbonated drinks are generally safe unless otherwise contraindicated.
Which instruction should the nurse include when reinforcing teaching with the parents about safety considerations for a child with a surgically corrected myelomeningocele?
- A. Make sure braces lie smoothly against the child's skin.
- B. Ensure that the child shifts position at least every 3 hours.
- C. Place a blanket between the child and the wheelchair seat.
- D. Check all of the child's skin daily for redness or irritation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Daily skin checks are essential to prevent pressure ulcers and other skin complications in children with myelomeningocele.
What is the purpose of the continuous passive motion (CPM) machine that the nurse should explain while teaching the client?
- A. A CPM machine is used to strengthen the leg muscles.
- B. A CPM machine is used to relieve foot swelling.
- C. A CPM machine is used to reduce surgical pain.
- D. A CPM machine is used to restore joint function.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The CPM machine gently flexes and extends the knee post-arthroplasty to restore joint function and prevent stiffness, not primarily to strengthen muscles, reduce swelling, or relieve pain.
The nurse is discussing the importance of an exercise program for pain control to a client diagnosed with OA. Which intervention should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Wear supportive tennis shoes with white socks when walking.
- B. Carry a complex carbohydrate while exercising.
- C. Alternate walking briskly and jogging when exercising.
- D. Walk at least 30 minutes three (3) times a week.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Walking 30 minutes thrice weekly reduces OA pain and stiffness through low-impact exercise. Supportive shoes are helpful but secondary, carbohydrates are irrelevant, and jogging may worsen OA.