Nokea
The nurse notes in a patient's medication history that the patient has been taking desmopressin. Based on this finding, the nurse interprets that the patient has which disorder?
- A. Diabetes mellitus
- B. Diabetes insipidus
- C. Adrenocortical insufficiency
- D. Carcinoid tumor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Desmopressin, a synthetic antidiuretic hormone, is used to treat diabetes insipidus by reducing excessive thirst and urination caused by deficient endogenous antidiuretic hormone. It is not indicated for diabetes mellitus, adrenocortical insufficiency, or carcinoid tumors.
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A patient who has been on somatropin has been hospitalized for an acute asthma exacerbation, and is receiving intravenous doses of glucocorticoids. The nurse recognizes that which effect may occur if these drugs are given together?
- A. Reduction of growth effects
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Increased urine output
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids can reduce the growth-promoting effects of somatropin by counteracting its anabolic actions, though the benefits of glucocorticoids for asthma may outweigh this risk. Hyperkalemia, increased urine output, and diarrhea are not expected interactions.
When a patient is receiving vasopressin, the nurse will monitor for which therapeutic response?
- A. Improved appetite
- B. Increased serum albumin levels
- C. Increased serum potassium levels
- D. Decreased urinary output
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vasopressin, an antidiuretic hormone, reduces urinary output by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, addressing polyuria in conditions like diabetes insipidus. It does not affect appetite, albumin, or potassium levels.
Which of these hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Antidiuretic hormone
- B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- C. Oxytocin
- D. Growth hormone
- E. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: The anterior pituitary secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
A patient is about to receive a dose of octreotide. The nurse will assess for which contraindications or cautions? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Carcinoid crisis
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- D. Gallbladder disease
- E. Chronic renal failure
- F. Esophageal varices
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Octreotide requires caution in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes, gallbladder disease, or chronic renal failure due to potential effects on glucose metabolism, gallbladder function, and renal clearance. Carcinoid crisis, diarrhea, and esophageal varices are indications for octreotide use.
A 16-year-old boy who is taking somatropin comes into the office because he had an asthma attack during a race at school. Because of this new development, the nurse expects which intervention to occur next?
- A. He will need to stop participating in school physical education classes.
- B. The somatropin must be discontinued immediately.
- C. The somatropin dosage may be adjusted.
- D. His growth will be documented and monitored for changes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Somatropin should be used cautiously in patients with acute or chronic illnesses like asthma, often requiring dosage adjustments to balance risks and benefits. Immediate discontinuation is not necessary, and growth monitoring is routine but not the primary intervention.