Nokea
The nurse notes that a patient is not able to voluntarily move the right arm. Which part of the brain should the nurse suspect is affected in this patient?
- A. Cerebellum
- B. Frontal lobe
- C. Parietal lobe
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The frontal lobes contain the motor areas that generate the impulses that bring about voluntary movement. Each motor area controls movement on the opposite side of the body. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance, while the parietal lobe processes sensory information. The hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions and is not directly involved in voluntary movement.
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The area of the nervous system that is responsible for mediating reflexes is the:
- A. Medulla.
- B. Cerebellum.
- C. Spinal cord.
- D. Cerebral cortex.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Spinal cord. The spinal cord is responsible for mediating reflexes due to its role in transmitting sensory information to the brain and coordinating motor responses without involving higher brain centers. Reflex actions are quick, involuntary responses to stimuli that help protect the body. The medulla (A) controls vital functions like breathing and heartbeat, the cerebellum (B) coordinates movement and balance, and the cerebral cortex (D) is involved in higher cognitive functions like thinking and decision-making, but not reflex actions.
What is the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) characterized by?
- A. Destruction of nucleic acids and other self-proteins by autoantibodies
- B. Overproduction of collagen that disrupts the functioning of internal organs
- C. Formation of abnormal IgG that attaches to cellular antigens, activating complement
- D. Increased activity of T suppressor cells with B-cell hypoactivity, resulting in an immunodeficiency
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autoantibodies attack self-proteins in SLE.
A college student observes a roommate going out wearing uncharacteristically seductive clothing, returning 12 to 24 hours later, and then sleeping for 8 to 12 hours. At other times, the roommate sits on the floor speaking like a young child. Which health problem should be considered?
- A. Functional neurological (conversion) disorder
- B. Dissociative identity disorder
- C. Dissociative amnesia
- D. Body dysmorphic disorder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dissociative identity disorder. The roommate displaying different behaviors indicates potential dissociation, where different identities or states of consciousness take control. Seductive clothing and extended absence may indicate a different identity, while childlike speech may suggest another identity. This pattern aligns with the criteria for dissociative identity disorder. Functional neurological disorder (Choice A) involves physical symptoms without a clear organic cause. Dissociative amnesia (Choice C) pertains to memory loss due to psychological trauma. Body dysmorphic disorder (Choice D) involves obsession with perceived flaws in physical appearance. These options do not align with the diverse behaviors and identity shifts observed in the roommate.
What measures can help control the client's body temperature related to brain infection?
- A. Administering prescribed antipyretics.
- B. Reducing body hydration.
- C. Applying ice packs.
- D. Keeping the room temperature warm.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antipyretics directly address fever, reducing cerebral irritation.
In counseling patients with spinal cord lesions regarding sexual function, how should the nurse advise a male patient with a complete lower motor neuron lesion?
- A. He is most likely to have reflexogenic erections and may experience orgasm if ejaculation occurs
- B. He may have uncontrolled reflex erections but orgasm and ejaculation are usually not possible
- C. He has a lesion with the greatest possibility of successful psychogenic erection with ejaculation and orgasm
- D. He will probably be unable to have either psychogenic or reflexogenic erections and no ejaculation or orgasm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lower motor neuron lesions result in uncontrolled reflex erections.