Nokea
The nurse notes that a patient's gaping wound is developing a blood clot. Which body substance is responsible for this clot formation?
- A. Plasma
- B. Platelets
- C. Red blood cells
- D. White blood cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Platelets are responsible for clot formation in the body. When a wound occurs, platelets adhere to the site and release chemicals to initiate clotting. They then aggregate to form a plug, stopping bleeding. Plasma carries platelets but is not directly involved in clot formation. Red blood cells transport oxygen but do not participate in clotting. White blood cells are part of the immune system and do not play a role in clot formation. Therefore, platelets are the correct choice for clot formation in this scenario.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is caring for a patient who is being discharged after an emergency splenectomy following an automobile accident. Which instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Watch for excess bruising.
- B. Check for swollen lymph nodes.
- C. Take iron supplements to prevent anemia.
- D. Wash hands and avoid persons who are ill.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Patient's immune system is compromised post-splenectomy.
Step 2: Washing hands and avoiding ill individuals reduce infection risk.
Step 3: Emphasizing infection prevention crucial for patient safety.
Summary: A - relates to clotting issues, B - not relevant, C - not immediate concern. Washing hands is most pertinent.
Which of the following is false regarding heparin?
- A. Subcutaneous injection of heparin is avoided because of hematomas formation.
- B. Heparin is usually stored in the mast cells.
- C. Heparin binds to plasma anti thrombin III and inhibits activated thrombin.
- D. Protamine sulfate can be used to counteract heparin overdose.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Subcutaneous injection of heparin is avoided due to the risk of hematoma formation at the injection site.
2. This statement is false because heparin is commonly administered subcutaneously for prophylaxis of thromboembolic events.
3. The preferred route for heparin administration is subcutaneous or intravenous.
4. Therefore, choice A is the false statement.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect as heparin is commonly given subcutaneously.
- Choice B is incorrect as heparin is not stored in mast cells but in specialized granules in mast cells.
- Choice C is correct as heparin binds to plasma antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin.
- Choice D is correct as protamine sulfate can reverse heparin's anticoagulant effects in case of overdose.
Which of the following characteristics are similar with respect to Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF)?
- A. Both are made in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes.
- B. Both are activated by thrombin.
- C. They are present in normal to high relative amounts in newborns.
- D. They are stored in Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Factor VIII and vWF are present in normal to high relative amounts in newborns due to the physiological adaptation to the low levels at birth.
2. Both Factor VIII and vWF play crucial roles in the coagulation cascade, but their levels decrease after birth.
3. The other choices are incorrect because:
- A: Factor VIII is primarily made in endothelial cells and vWF is made in endothelial cells and platelets, not megakaryocytes.
- B: Thrombin activates Factor VIII but not vWF, which is activated by shear stress.
- D: Factor VIII is stored in Weibel-Palade bodies, but vWF is stored in platelets and endothelial cells, not in the Weibel-Palade bodies.
A 4-year-old child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is receiving high-dose methotrexate during interim maintenance. He receives ondansetron and арретitant during his stay, which control his nausea and vomiting well. These medications work by inhibiting signaling in which part of the brain?
- A. Vestibular system
- B. Cerebral cortex
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Vomiting center
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: I'm sorry, but it seems there was a mistake in providing the correct answer. The answer should be D: Vomiting center. Ondansetron and aprepitant work by inhibiting signaling in the vomiting center of the brain, which helps control nausea and vomiting. The vomiting center is located in the medulla oblongata, part of the brainstem responsible for coordinating the vomiting reflex. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the vestibular system is involved in balance and spatial orientation, the cerebral cortex is responsible for higher brain functions, and the hypothalamus plays a role in regulating various bodily functions but not directly in controlling vomiting.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is being discharged after an emergency splenectomy following an automobile accident. Which instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Watch for excess bruising.
- B. Check for swollen lymph nodes.
- C. Take iron supplements to prevent anemia.
- D. Wash hands and avoid persons who are ill.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because after a splenectomy, the patient is at risk for infections due to a compromised immune system. Washing hands and avoiding sick individuals can help prevent infections.
A: Watching for excess bruising is not directly related to post-splenectomy care.
B: Checking for swollen lymph nodes is not a priority concern for a post-splenectomy patient.
C: Taking iron supplements may not be necessary immediately post-splenectomy and should be discussed with the healthcare provider.