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The nurse on a urology unit is working with a patient be the nurses best response to this finding?
- A. Perform a straight catheterization on this patient.
- B. Avoid further interventions at this time, as this is an nutritional guidelines should the nurse provide? acceptable finding.
- C. Restrict protein intake as ordere
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hematuria (blood in the urine) is a concerning finding that may indicate a urinary tract infection, kidney stones, or other underlying issues. By avoiding further interventions, the nurse can prevent potential harm or complications to the patient. Performing a straight catheterization (Choice A) may not be necessary without further assessment. Restricting protein intake (Choice C) is not indicated based solely on the presence of hematuria.
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Which is incorrect regarding the investigation of UTI?
- A. The sensitivity of dipstick for nitrites is 96%.
- B. A positive dipstick for leucocyte esterase is 96% specific for >10 wbc/mm .
- C. A bacterial culture with > 10 has 95% probability of representing infection.
- D. Use of blood cultures in does not change management when urine culture is taken.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a positive dipstick for leucocyte esterase is not 96% specific for >10 wbc/mm³. Leucocyte esterase can indicate the presence of white blood cells, but it does not quantitatively correlate with a specific wbc count. Therefore, it cannot be used to accurately determine the exact wbc count in the urine sample.
A: The sensitivity of dipstick for nitrites being 96% means it is good at detecting nitrites, which are a sign of bacterial infection in the urine.
C: A bacterial culture with >10^5 colony-forming units has a high probability of representing infection, typically around 95%.
D: Blood cultures are not routinely used for diagnosing UTIs; urine culture is the primary method. Blood cultures are more often used for systemic infections.
During the examination of a full-term newborn male, a finding requiring investigation would be:
- A. Absent testes
- B. Meatus centered at the tip of the penis
- C. Wrinkled scrotum
- D. Penis 2 to 3 cm in length
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Absent testes. In a full-term newborn male, the absence of testes is a concerning finding that requires immediate investigation to rule out conditions like undescended testes or any underlying genetic abnormalities. This is crucial for ensuring normal development and future fertility.
The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Meatus centered at the tip of the penis is a normal finding in a full-term newborn.
C: Wrinkled scrotum is a common and normal variation in newborns and does not typically require immediate investigation.
D: Penis 2 to 3 cm in length is within the expected range for a full-term newborn and is not a cause for concern.
Which antibiotic is primarily bacteriostatic but becomes bactericidal at higher * concentrations?:
- A. Erythromycin
- B. Tetracycline
- C. Chloramphenicol
- D. Ampicillin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chloramphenicol. At lower concentrations, Chloramphenicol is primarily bacteriostatic, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. However, at higher concentrations, it can disrupt the bacterial ribosome, leading to bacterial cell death, making it bactericidal. Erythromycin (A) and Tetracycline (B) are primarily bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis. Ampicillin (D) interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis but does not exhibit a concentration-dependent shift to bactericidal activity like Chloramphenicol.
You are providing care for a patient with reflex urinary incontinence. Which action is appropriately delegated to the new LPN/LVN?
- A. Teach the patient bladder emptying by the Credé method.
- B. Demonstrate how to perform intermittent self-catheterization.
- C. Discuss the side effects of bethanechol chloride (Urecholine).
- D. Reinforce the importance of proper handwashing to prevent infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because demonstrating how to perform intermittent self-catheterization is within the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN. This task involves a specific skill set that can be taught and supervised by the LPN/LVN. It is essential for managing reflex urinary incontinence and maintaining bladder function. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because teaching the patient bladder emptying by the Credé method (A) and discussing the side effects of bethanechol chloride (C) are tasks that require a higher level of nursing education and knowledge. Reinforcing the importance of proper handwashing (D) is a basic nursing task that can be performed by a nursing assistant or other unlicensed assistive personnel.
A patient has very high plasma uric acid and has high risk of developing acute * uric acid nephropathy. Which of the following agent should be avoided?
- A. Ethacrynic acid
- B. Acetazolamide
- C. Hydrochlorothiazide
- D. Furosemide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acetazolamide. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that can worsen hyperuricemia by increasing renal uric acid reabsorption. This can further exacerbate the risk of acute uric acid nephropathy. Ethacrynic acid (A), Hydrochlorothiazide (C), and Furosemide (D) are loop diuretics that can actually help in reducing uric acid levels by increasing its excretion through the urine. Therefore, they would not be contraindicated in this scenario.