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The nurse recognizes what as the most likely major determinant of this patient’s health?
- A. He is African American.
- B. He chose to smoke all of his adult life.
- C. His father died of lung cancer at about the same age.
- D. He has a limited ability to understand and act on health information.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. While genetics (C) and race (A) may play a role, smoking remains the primary risk factor for developing lung cancer.
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A client with respiratory failure is receiving mechanical ventilation and continues to produce ABG results indicating respiratory acidosis. Which action should you expect to correct this problem?
- A. Increase the ventilator rate from 6 to 10 per minute
- B. Decrease the ventilator rate from 10 to 6 per minute
- C. Increase the oxygen concentration from 30% to 40%
- D. Decrease the oxygen concentration from 40% to 30%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increasing the ventilator rate enhances CO2 removal, correcting respiratory acidosis by improving ventilation.
Describe nursing management of clients with impending or actual shock.
- A. Decreased blood pressure
- B. Increased heart rate
- C. Fluid retention
- D. Muscle cramps
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased blood pressure is a primary symptom in fluid imbalance as a result of inadequate circulating volume, leading to hypotension and possible shock.
What type of infectious agent may the client have been exposed to if they recently ate meat in Europe?
- A. Fungi
- B. Bacteria
- C. Protozoa
- D. Prions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because prions are associated with certain meat-borne diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Sue is diagnosed with congestive heart failure. What medication would you expect to administer to strengthen myocardial contractility?
- A. Nitroprusside.
- B. Digoxin.
- C. Nitroglycerine ointment.
- D. Furosemide.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digoxin enhances myocardial contractility in CHF.
Alex Rowe develops hives after having eaten strawberries. He states he has strawberries before, and has never had a problem with them before. This is an example of:
- A. an idiosyncratic response to food.
- B. an autoimmune disorder.
- C. a Type I hypersensitivity response.
- D. an example of immunosuppression.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Idiosyncratic response means it occurs because of an unknown reason. This response to something the body has been exposed to before is not unknown. Autoimmune disorders are ones in which the body attacks self-cells. This example is an outside antigen. Type I hypersensitivities are those that occur when the body, previously sensitized to a substance, is then exposed a second time and reacts. Immunossuppression occurs when the immune system is not working. Mr. Rowe's immune system responded to the antigen, so it is not suppressed.