Nokea
What is the most appropriate response to Harold Smith asking what he can do to prevent black lung disease?
- A. Suggest he seek symptomatic medical treatment
- B. Reassure him that black lung is a disease of the past
- C. Encourage him to change jobs
- D. Recommend psychologic counseling
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Changing jobs eliminates exposure to coal dust, preventing black lung.
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What general appearance and obvious physical characteristic components should the nurse evaluate when completing a biocultural assessment?
- A. Skin color,bone structure and eye shape.
- B. Mobility and gait.
- C. Behavioral patterns.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Evaluating multiple aspects of physical appearance provides a comprehensive understanding of the client's biocultural context.
A postoperative priority nursing diagnosis for a client having a vertical partial laryngectomy would be:
- A. activity intolerance.
- B. ineffective airway clearance.
- C. high-risk for infection.
- D. an altered oral mucous membrane.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The laryngectomy client should be able to gradually increase activities without difficulty. The laryngectomy client may have copious amounts of secretions, which will require suctioning for the first 24-48 hours. Because the mucous collects in the cannula, it will require cleaning after the first 24 hours. Even though the client does have a potential for infection, this is not more important than the ineffective airway clearance. An altered mucous membrane problem is not more important than ineffective airway clearance. The client's mouth may become dry, but can be taken care of with good oral care.
Following segmental resection for bronchiectasis, what is most important for Mr. Jones?
- A. Cough and deep breathe every 1-2 hours
- B. Limit fluid intake
- C. Lie flat in bed
- D. Receive analgesia every 6 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular coughing and deep breathing prevent atelectasis and pneumonia.
A client's arterial blood gas results show a pH of 7.3 and a PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg. The client is experiencing which of the following acid-base imbalances?
- A. Metabolic acidosis
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Respiratory acidosis
- D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Respiratory acidosis. In this case, the low pH indicates acidosis, and the elevated PaCO2 indicates respiratory involvement. In respiratory acidosis, the lungs cannot eliminate enough CO2, leading to an increase in carbonic acid and a decrease in pH. Metabolic acidosis (choice A) would involve a primary decrease in bicarbonate levels, not seen in this scenario. Metabolic alkalosis (choice B) would involve an increase in bicarbonate levels, which is not indicated by the given information. Respiratory alkalosis (choice D) would have a low PaCO2 and an elevated pH, opposite of what is seen here.
When caring for a dying client, which intervention protects the client’s skin from breakdown?
- A. Applying oil to the client’s body.
- B. Providing plenty of drinking water to hydrate the client’s skin.
- C. Giving the client a sponge bath twice a day.
- D. Changing the client’s position every 2 hours.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Regularly repositioning the client reduces pressure on vulnerable areas, preventing skin breakdown.