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The nurse recommends a breathing technique to help a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to empty the lungs of used air and to promote inhalation of adequate oxygen. What is this method of breathing called?
- A. Pursed-lip breathing
- B. Increased inspiration
- C. Vital capacity
- D. Decreased expiration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing can help empty the lungs of used air and promote inhalation of additional oxygen.
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The older patient informs the nurse that food has no taste and therefore the patient has no appetite. What is this most likely caused by?
- A. Tasteless food
- B. Overuse of salt
- C. Lack of variety
- D. Loss of taste buds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Older adults may experience a loss of appetite. Change in taste as a result of decreased saliva production and a decreased number of taste buds may make food unappealing.
What should the nurse do to help the dysphagic patient?
- A. Sit the patient upright.
- B. Reduce distraction during mealtime.
- C. Offer fluid from a straw.
- D. Thicken liquids.
- E. Cue the patient to swallow.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Offering fluids using a straw increases the possibility of choking or aspiration. All other options would be beneficial to the dysphagic patient.
When bathing an 80-year-old woman who lives on a farm, the nurse assesses brown macules on the patient's hands and forearms. The nurse recognizes these as
Correct Answer: lentigo
Rationale: Lentigo is a term that refers to brown-pigmented lesions on the skin of the older person who has spent a great deal of time in the sun. These macules are also called 'age spots.'
When discussing aging, to whom does the term older adulthood apply?
- A. Age 55 and above
- B. Age 65 and above
- C. Age 70 and above
- D. Age 75 and above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Older adulthood begins at about age 65.
When was the Social Security Act, which was the first major legislation providing financial security for older adults, passed?
- A. 1930
- B. 1935
- C. 1940
- D. 1945
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first major legislation to provide financial security for older adults was the Social Security Act of 1935.