Nokea
The nurse researcher is working with clients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Which is an example of an experimental therapy?
- A. Stereotactic pallidotomy/thalamotomy.
- B. Dopamine receptor agonist medication.
- C. Physical therapy for muscle strengthening.
- D. Fetal tissue transplantation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fetal tissue transplantation (D) is an experimental therapy for Parkinson’s, investigated for dopamine-producing cell replacement. Pallidotomy/thalamotomy (A) and dopamine agonists (B) are established, and physical therapy (C) is standard care.
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The client diagnosed with atrial fibrillation has experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Which medication would the nurse anticipate being ordered for the client on discharge?
- A. An oral anticoagulant medication.
- B. A beta blocker medication.
- C. An anti-hyperuricemic medication.
- D. A thrombolytic medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A TIA in a client with atrial fibrillation is likely due to cardioembolic stroke risk. Oral anticoagulants (A), such as warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants, are prescribed to prevent clot formation. Beta blockers (B) control heart rate, anti-hyperuricemics (C) treat gout, and thrombolytics (D) are used acutely, not for discharge prevention.
The client diagnosed with a gunshot wound to the head assumes decorticate posturing when the nurse applies painful stimuli. Which assessment data obtained three (3) hours later would indicate the client is improving?
- A. Purposeless movement in response to painful stimuli.
- B. Flaccid paralysis in all four extremities.
- C. Decerebrate posturing when painful stimuli are applied.
- D. Pupils that are 6 mm in size and nonreactive on painful stimuli.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Purposeless movement (A) indicates a higher level of brain function compared to decorticate posturing, suggesting improvement. Flaccid paralysis (B) or decerebrate posturing (C) indicates worsening, and nonreactive pupils (D) suggest severe brain damage.
The nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) to a client diagnosed with a stroke who is complaining of a headache. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Administer the medication in pudding.
- B. Check the client's armband.
- C. Crush the tablet and dissolve in juice.
- D. Have the client sip some water.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Checking the armband (B) ensures patient safety before medication administration. Pudding (A), crushing (C), or sipping water (D) follow identity confirmation.
Which instruction should be the nurse's priority in this situation?
- A. Steps to enhance the client's immune system
- B. Importance of maintaining a balanced diet
- C. Techniques to improve the client's safety
- D. Importance of social interactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Safety is the priority for clients with Parkinson's disease due to risks of falls and injury from motor symptoms.
The client with end-stage ALS requires a gastrostomy tube feeding. Which finding would require the nurse to hold a bolus tube feeding?
- A. A residual of 125 mL.
- B. The abdomen is soft.
- C. Three episodes of diarrhea.
- D. The potassium level is 3.4 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A gastric residual of 125 mL (A) indicates delayed gastric emptying, requiring the feeding to be held to prevent aspiration. Soft abdomen (B) is normal, diarrhea (C) requires monitoring but not holding, and low potassium (D) is unrelated.