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The nurse reviewed Mr. Gary's care to reduce errors. This is an example of?
- A. Quality improvement
- B. Patient-centered care
- C. Nursing informatics
- D. Health promotion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reviewing care to reduce errors is quality improvement (A) enhancing processes, per definition. Patient-centered (B) tailors, informatics (C) tech, promotion (D) well-being not error-focused. A fits QI's aim, making it correct.
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The nurse is caring for a client with a T4 spinal cord injury. Which finding indicates that the client is experiencing neurogenic shock?
- A. Blood pressure 82/40 mm Hg, pulse 48 beats/min
- B. Blood pressure 150/90 mm Hg, pulse 110 beats/min
- C. Blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg, pulse 88 beats/min
- D. Blood pressure 130/80 mm Hg, pulse 62 beats/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neurogenic shock in T4 SCI features hypotension and bradycardia (A, 82/40, 48 bpm) from sympathetic loss. Hypertension/tachycardia (B) suggests dysreflexia. C and D are normalish. A is correct. Rationale: Loss of vasomotor tone below T4 causes vasodilation and unopposed vagal activity, per SCI pathophysiology, requiring fluids and atropine.
One of the expectations is for nurses to join professional association primarily because of
- A. Promotes advancement and professional growth among its members
- B. Works for raising funds for nurse's benefit
- C. Facilitate and establishes acquaintances
- D. Assist them and securing jobs abroad
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Professional associations, like the PNA, promote growth e.g., offering training, certifications enhancing skills and standards. Fundraising, networking, or job placement are secondary. This advancement focus, rooted in nursing's professionalization, ensures competence and leadership, critical for career development and patient care quality.
Which of the following assessment finding is typical of extracellular fluid loss?
- A. Distended jugular veins
- B. Elevated hematocrit level
- C. Rapid thready pulse
- D. Increased serum sodium level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Extracellular fluid loss (e.g., dehydration) reduces blood volume, causing a rapid, thready pulse as the heart compensates for hypovolemia. Distended jugular veins suggest fluid overload, not loss. Elevated hematocrit reflects hemoconcentration, but pulse is a more immediate sign. Increased sodium occurs with water loss, not always fluid volume. Nurses monitor pulse to detect early shock, guiding fluid replacement to restore circulation and prevent organ damage.
What is nurse's primary critical observation when performing an assessment for determining an Apgar score?
- A. Heart rate
- B. Respiratory rate
- C. Presence of meconium
- D. Evaluation of Moro reflex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Apgar score assesses newborn vitality at 1 and 5 minutes post-birth across five criteria: heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex, color. Heart rate (choice A) is primary; absent (<60 bpm = 0, <100 = 1, >100 = 2) dictates immediate resuscitation, making it the most critical. Respiratory rate (choice B) follows, but weak/absent breathing often ties to heart rate. Meconium (choice C) isn't scored directly, though it flags distress. Moro reflex (choice D) tests tone/reflex, secondary to vitals. A is correct, as heart rate drives initial intervention. Nurses prioritize it, ensuring rapid response to stabilize the infant.
An eleven-month-old infant is brought to the pediatric clinic. The nurse suspects that the child has iron deficiency anemia. Because iron deficiency anemia is suspected, which of the following is the most important information to obtain from the infant's parents?
- A. Normal dietary intake
- B. Relevant socio cultural, economic, and educational background of the family
- C. Any evidence of blood in the stools
- D. A history of maternal anemia during pregnancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dietary intake reveals iron sources, critical for diagnosing deficiency.