Nokea
The nurse reviews the function of thyroid gland hormones. What is the primary function of calcitonin?
- A. Sodium and potassium balance
- B. Magnesium balance
- C. Norepinephrine balance
- D. Calcium and phosphorus balance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary function of calcitonin is to regulate calcium and phosphorus balance in the body. Calcitonin works to decrease blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone breakdown and increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. This helps maintain the overall balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the known function of calcitonin. Sodium and potassium balance, magnesium balance, and norepinephrine balance are not directly influenced by calcitonin.
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If growth hormone is overproduced in the adult, what is the resulting condition called?
- A. pituitary dwarfism
- B. gigantism
- C. acromegaly
- D. myxedema
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: acromegaly. In adults, overproduction of growth hormone leads to acromegaly, characterized by enlarged bones and tissues. Pituitary dwarfism (choice A) results from growth hormone deficiency. Gigantism (choice B) occurs when excess growth hormone is produced before epiphyseal plate closure in children. Myxedema (choice D) is associated with hypothyroidism, not growth hormone overproduction. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the condition resulting from excessive growth hormone in adults.
Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?
- A. Secretes releasing hormones.
- B. Controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary gland.
- C. Secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins.
- D. Synthesizes oxytocin and ADH.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the hypothalamus does not directly secrete ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins. It secretes releasing hormones that regulate the secretion of these hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. Choice A and B are correct because the hypothalamus does secrete releasing hormones and controls the anterior pituitary gland. Choice D is incorrect because the hypothalamus synthesizes oxytocin and ADH, which are stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
The plan of care for the diabetic patient includes all of the following interventions. Which intervention could you delegate to the nursing assistant?
- A. Check to make sure that the patient's bath water is not too hot.
- B. Discuss community resources for diabetic outpatient care.
- C. Instruct the patient to perform daily foot inspections.
- D. Check the patient's technique for drawing insulin into a syringe.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Checking the temperature of the patient's bath water is a simple task that can be delegated to the nursing assistant to ensure safety and prevent burns.
Steroid hormones:
- A. require a second messenger.
- B. are secreted by the adrenal cortex.
- C. are secreted by the posterior pituitary.
- D. are secreted by the pancreas.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Steroid hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing steroid hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones. This is supported by the understanding of endocrine gland functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because steroid hormones do not require a second messenger, are not secreted by the posterior pituitary, and are not secreted by the pancreas. Understanding the specific glands and their hormone production is crucial in selecting the correct answer.
Which hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver?
- A. Insulin
- B. Growth Hormone
- C. Glucagon
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Glucagon. Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver by promoting the breakdown of glycogen stores into glucose. Insulin, choice A, actually inhibits gluconeogenesis by promoting glucose uptake and storage. Growth hormone, choice B, primarily affects protein synthesis and growth rather than directly stimulating gluconeogenesis. Estrogen, choice D, is not directly involved in regulating gluconeogenesis in the liver. Therefore, based on its specific function in promoting glucose production in the liver, glucagon is the correct answer.