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The nurse should expect a client with hypothyroidism to report which health concerns?
- A. Increased appetite and weight loss
- B. Nervousness and tremors
- C. Puffiness of the face and hands
- D. Thyroid gland swelling
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland is underactive, leading to symptoms like puffiness of the face and hands due to fluid retention. This occurs as a result of decreased metabolism. Options A and B are symptoms of hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland is overactive. Option D is a symptom of goiter, which is thyroid gland swelling, not specific to hypothyroidism. Therefore, the correct answer is C based on the characteristic symptoms of hypothyroidism.
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Clients with myastherda gravis, Guillain - Barre Syndrome or amyothrophic sclerosis experience:
- A. Progressive deterioration until death
- B. Deficiencies of essential neurotransmitter
- C. Increased risk of respiratory complications
- D. Involuntary twitching of small muscle group
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased risk of respiratory complications. Clients with myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis all experience muscle weakness, including respiratory muscles, leading to a higher risk of respiratory complications such as difficulty breathing or respiratory failure. This is due to the involvement of the neuromuscular system in these conditions. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not directly correlate with the respiratory complications commonly seen in these specific neuromuscular disorders.
The dietary practice that will help a client reduce the dietary intake of sodium is
- A. Increasing the use of dairy products
- B. Using an artificial sweetener in coffee
- C. Avoiding the use of carbonated beverages
- D. Using catsup for cooking and flavoring food
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Avoiding the use of carbonated beverages. Carbonated beverages often have high sodium content, which can contribute to increased sodium intake. By avoiding these beverages, the client can significantly reduce their sodium consumption.
Explanation:
1. Carbonated beverages often contain added sodium for flavor enhancement.
2. By avoiding carbonated beverages, the client eliminates a significant source of hidden sodium in their diet.
3. This dietary practice directly targets reducing sodium intake without compromising other nutritional aspects of the diet.
Summary of other choices:
A: Increasing the use of dairy products - Dairy products do not necessarily impact sodium intake significantly.
B: Using an artificial sweetener in coffee - Artificial sweeteners do not contribute to sodium intake.
D: Using catsup for cooking and flavoring food - Catsup is high in sodium and would not help in reducing sodium intake.
Patients with lymphoma are at risk for infection. Which of the ff. activities increases this risk?
- A. Going to church
- B. Cleaning the house
- C. Taking a walk outside
- D. Watching television
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Taking a walk outside. Patients with lymphoma have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. Walking outside exposes them to various environmental pathogens, increasing the risk of infection. Going to church (A) and cleaning the house (B) can be done in controlled environments, while watching television (D) does not involve exposure to external pathogens like going for a walk outside does. Therefore, taking a walk outside poses the highest risk for infection among the given activities.
Which intervention is appropriate for the nurse caring for a client in severe pain receiving a continuous I.V. infusion of morphine?
- A. Assisting with a naloxone challenge test before therapy begins
- B. Discontinuing the drug immediately if signs of dependence appear
- C. Changing the administration route to P.O. if the client can tolerate fluids
- D. Obtaining baseline vital signs before administering the first dose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Obtaining baseline vital signs before administering the first dose. This intervention is crucial to establish the client's baseline condition before starting morphine therapy. Baseline vital signs provide a comparison for monitoring the client's response to the medication and detecting any adverse effects. This step ensures the nurse can identify and address any potential complications promptly.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Assisting with a naloxone challenge test before therapy begins - Naloxone challenge test is used to diagnose opioid dependence, not appropriate for monitoring pain management.
B: Discontinuing the drug immediately if signs of dependence appear - Abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms and should be managed gradually.
C: Changing the administration route to P.O. if the client can tolerate fluids - Changing the route of administration should be based on clinical indications, not solely on the client's ability to tolerate fluids.
A client with advanced liver cancer is scheduled for chemotherapy. As part of the chemotherapy regimen, the nurse expects the physician to prescribe:
- A. Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin)
- B. Fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil, 5 FU
- C. Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) [Fluoroplex])
- D. Megestrol (Megace)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil, 5-FU). Fluorouracil is a commonly used chemotherapy drug for treating advanced liver cancer. It works by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. This drug is specifically effective in targeting rapidly dividing cells, which is a characteristic of cancer cells. Fluorouracil is often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to improve treatment outcomes.
Summary of other choices:
A: Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin) - This is an androgen hormone used to treat certain types of breast cancer, not liver cancer.
C: Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) - This is a hormonal therapy drug used in breast cancer, not liver cancer.
D: Megestrol (Megace) - This is a hormonal therapy drug used for certain types of cancers, but not typically for liver cancer.