Nokea
The nurse should plan to teach the client with pancytopenia caused by a chemotherapy to;
- A. Begin a program of aggressive, strict mouth care
- B. Avoid traumatic injuries and exposure to any infection
- C. increase oral fluid intake to a minimum of 3000 ml daily
- D. Report any unusual muscle cramps or tingling sensations in the extremities
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to teach a client with pancytopenia caused by chemotherapy is to avoid traumatic injuries and exposure to any infection. Pancytopenia is a condition characterized by low levels of all blood cell types - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This leaves the individual vulnerable to infections, easy bruising, and bleeding. By advising the client to avoid traumatic injuries and exposure to infection, the nurse is helping to reduce the risk of further complications that can arise from low blood cell counts. This includes advising the client on taking precautions such as gentle handling to prevent skin injury, using a soft toothbrush for oral care, and avoiding contact with individuals who are sick to minimize the risk of infection.
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The knows that a positive diagnosis for HIV infection is made based on; a.A history of high-risk sexual behaviors
- A. Positive ELISA and Western blot tests
- B. Evidence of extreme weight loss and high fever
- C. Identification of an associated opportunistic infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The definitive diagnosis of HIV infection is made based on the detection of specific antibodies in the blood. The most commonly used tests for this purpose are ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and Western blot. A positive result on both tests confirms the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood, indicating an active HIV infection. High-risk sexual behaviors, extreme weight loss, and opportunistic infections may raise suspicion for HIV infection, but a positive diagnosis is confirmed through specific laboratory tests like ELISA and Western blot.
Which of the ff is a sign or symptom characteristic of the later stages of TB?
- A. Fatigue
- B. Anorexia
- C. Hemoptysis
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemoptysis, which refers to coughing up blood, is a sign characteristic of the later stages of tuberculosis (TB). This symptom occurs when there is significant damage to the lungs due to the progression of the disease. Hemoptysis in TB can indicate advanced disease and the presence of cavities in the lungs where blood vessels may become eroded. It is a serious symptom that often requires immediate medical attention. While fatigue, anorexia, and weight loss are common symptoms of TB, hemoptysis specifically points towards the later stages of the disease and severe lung involvement.
What deficits would the nurse expect in a right-handed person experiencing a stroke affecting the left side of the cortex?
- A. Expressive aphasia and paralysis on the right side of the body.
- B. Expressive aphasia and paralysis on the left side of the body. .
- C. Dysarthria and paralysis on the right side of the body.
- D. Mixed aphasia and paralysis on the right side of the body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a right-handed individual experiencing a stroke that affects the left side of the cortex, the deficits are typically seen on the opposite side of the body due to the way the brain is wired. This phenomenon is known as contralateral organization. In this scenario, the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body.
The health-care provider diagnosed a child with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. The parents expressed their concern to you that their child's leg will be amputated. How should you respond?
- A. It is too soon to determine if amputation is necessary.
- B. No amputation is necessary because the child will make a full recovery once the disease runs its course.
- C. The health-care provider is the best person to talk to you about amputation.
- D. Not all children who have the disease require amputation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, also known as Perthes disease, is a condition where there is a temporary loss of blood supply to the hip, leading to the breakdown of the hip joint. While in severe cases amputation may be considered as a treatment option, it is important to reassure the parents that not all children with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease require amputation. The course of treatment will depend on the severity of the condition and the individual child's response to different therapies. Therefore, it is crucial to emphasize that amputation is not the automatic outcome for all cases of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Encouraging the parents to discuss their concerns with the healthcare provider can provide more specific information and guidance tailored to their child's condition.
Alaric was diagnosed with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome; which of the following signs and symptoms are characteristics of the said disorder?
- A. Hypertension, edema, hematuria
- B. Hypertension, edema, proteinuria
- C. Gross hematuria, fever, proteinuria
- D. Poor appetite, edema, proteinuria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by the presence of proteinuria, which is the excessive loss of protein in the urine. This leads to low levels of protein in the blood, causing edema (swelling) due to fluid accumulation in the tissues. In minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a typical finding. Instead, patients often present with normal blood pressure levels. Additionally, hematuria (presence of blood in the urine) is not a common symptom of this disorder. Therefore, the key signs and symptoms characteristic of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome are edema, proteinuria, and the absence of hypertension.